林分密度生心理效益：以溪頭自然教育園區柳杉林為例

本研究目的為瞭解觀看不同密度森林環境對於生心理之恢復效益，並且探討何種密度的森林在生理及心理上有最佳效果，因此本研究於臺大實驗林溪頭營林區第3林班地173號造林地不同栽植距離柳杉人工林永久試驗樣區，選擇高密度（每公頃10000棵）、中密度（每公頃1000棵）以及低密度（每公頃400棵）三種不同密度的樣區作為本研究試驗地點並以第二停車場作為對照組。研究實驗為每位受測者（N=76）皆須靜坐15分鐘。生理方面採用心跳、血壓、心率變異來量測；心理方面採用情緒狀態量表（POMS）、主觀活力量表（SVS）、恢復性組成量表（RCS）以及語意差異量表（SD）作為心理評量工具，同時監測客觀環境因子中的溫度、濕度、風速、氣壓、照度以及負離子量，並以PMV指標呈現。研究結果顯示，環境因子（PMV指標、照度、負離子量）樣區間並沒有顯著差異。在生理上，柳杉純林（包含高、中、低密度）能顯著降低心跳次數，而中密度柳杉林顯著優於對照組。在情緒狀態方面，高、中、低密度林分在困惑、疲勞、憤怒、緊張以及沮喪構面上皆有顯著降低，活力構面則只有高密度林分以及對照組有顯著上升；在療癒效果方面，高密度林分在困惑以及憤怒構面顯著優於對照組，活力構面顯著優於中密度林分，疲勞、緊張以及沮喪構面顯著優於中密度、低密度以及對照組。主觀活力方面，高、中、低密度林分皆有顯著增加，並且不同密度間的變化量無顯著差異；在注意力恢復方面，柳杉林中的三種密度在延展性以及魅力性構面顯著優於對照組，而林分密度之間在注意力恢復效果上沒有顯著差異；在語意差異量表方面，中密度林分在滿意、豐富、整齊、整潔項目中顯著優於對照組；高、中密度林分在美麗以及友善項目中顯著優於對照組；高、中、低密度林分在自然、安靜、安全與舒適項目中顯著優於對照組。

關鍵字

森林密度； HRV ；盤斯心情量表（POMS）；主觀活力量表（SVS）；恢復性組成量表（RCS）；語意差異量表（SD）； PMV指數

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to understand whether forest environments of different densities can provide human psychological benefits, and which density forests have the best physiological and psychological benefits. Therefore, this study selected the permanent test plots of the Cryptomeria plantation from the No. 173 of the Xitou Tract Area of National Taiwan University Experimental Forest. We select three kinds of stand densities as the study area, high-density stand (10,000 N/ha), medium-density stand ( 1000 N/ha) and low-density stand (400 N/ha) and the test site was used as the control group with the second parking lot. Each subject (N=76) were asked to sit at the plot for 15 minutes. The physiological aspects were measured by heartbeat, blood pressure and heart rate variability. Psychological aspects use the Profile of Mood State (POMS) Subjective vitality Scale (SVS) and Restorative Components Scale (RCS) and Semantic Differences Scale (SD) as psychological measurement tools. the temperature, humidity, wind speed, air pressure, illuminance and negative ion amount in the objective environmental factors are monitored and presented as PMV indicators. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the environmental factors (PMV index, illuminance, negative ion). Japanese Cedar (including high, medium and low densities) can significantly reduce the number of heartbeats, and the medium-density stand is significantly better than the control group. In terms of POMS, high, medium and low density stands are significantly reduced in confusion, fatigue, anger, tension and frustration. The high-density stand and the control group has a significant increase about vigor. About the therapy effect, high-density stand were significantly better than the control group in confusion and anger, and the vigor was significantly better than the medium-density stand. Fatigue, tension and frustration were significantly better than medium-density, low-density and control group. In terms of SVS, there were significant increases in high, medium and low density stands, and there was no significant difference between each stands. About RCS, the three kinds of stands were significantly better than the control group in extend and fascination, and there was no significant difference between the stand density. In the SD, the medium-density stands were significantly better than the control group in the satisfy, rich, neat and tidy,and the high and medium-density stands were significantly better than the control group in the beautiful and friendly. High, medium and low density stands were significantly better than the control group in natural, quiet, safe and comfortable.

並列關鍵字

Stand density ； HRV ； Profile of Mood State (POMS) ； Subjective vitality Scale (SVS) ； Restorative Components Scale (RCS) ； Semantic Differences Scale (SD) ； PMV index