- 學位論文
臺灣產蠟蟬科 (半翅目：蠟蟬總科) 之分類修訂以及龍眼雞之入侵史研究
Taxonomic revision of the family Fulgoridae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) from Taiwan and the invasion history of Pyrops candelaria
摘要
蠟蟬科 (Fulgoridae) 是一群大型而引人注目的昆蟲。不僅為昆蟲學家熟知，亦聞名於生態攝影者以及標本收藏家之間。至今全世界約有 142 屬 774 種蠟蟬已被描述，其中有 7 屬 11 種被記錄於臺灣。本論文內容包含兩個關於臺灣產蠟蟬的研究主題。第一章的主題為臺灣產蠟蟬科之分類修訂。在本章中，總共 6 屬 8 種來自臺灣的物種被重新描述，包含一新紀錄種，威氏麗蠟蟬 (Limois westwoodii)。斑衣蠟蟬 (Lycorma delicatula)、烏頭東方蠟蟬 (Pyrops spinolae) 以及中華鼻蠟蟬 (Zanna chinensis) 在臺灣的紀錄仍有待考證。青翅蠟蟬 (Lycorma olivacea) 被處理為紅翅蠟蟬 (Lycorma meliae) 的新同物異名。此外本研究亦提供臺灣錐頭蠟蟬 (Saiva formosana) 第五齡若蟲的首次描述以及臺灣產蠟蟬科之成蟲種級檢索表。第二章是關於臺灣地區龍眼雞 (Pyrops candelaria) 的入侵史研究。龍眼雞是臺灣本島的新入侵種蠟蟬，而釐清入侵源為管理入侵物種的第一步。本研究利用 COI 以及 ND2 基因之部分序列，分析來自原生地區以及臺灣本島等各個龍眼雞族群的遺傳結構。根據親緣關係以及單倍型網狀圖的分析結果，所有採集自臺灣本島的樣本和 10 筆來自金門以及 1 筆來自香港的樣本擁有相同的單倍型，顯示金門和香港皆為臺灣本島入侵族群可能的入侵源。此外分子變異分析的結果不僅顯示不同地理分群間具有強烈的地理隔離，更驗證了蠟蟬飛行能力不佳的事實，由此結果可以推論出龍眼雞的入侵極可能是人為引入所致。本研究結果將有助於檢疫政策的制定。
並列摘要
The family Fulgoridae is a group of insects with large body size and remarkable appearance, which is not only familiar to entomologists but also famous among wildlife photographers and specimen collectors. To date, about 142 genera and 774 species have been described worldwide, and 11 species in seven genera have been recorded from Taiwan. This thesis consists of two different research topics about Taiwanese lanternflies. The Chapter 1 is the taxonomic revision of the family Fulgoridae from Taiwan. In this chapter, eight species in six genera from Taiwan, including one newly recorded species, Limois westwoodii, were redescribed. The records of Lycorma delicatula, Pyrops spinolae and Zanna chinensis in Taiwan were considered questionable. Lycorma olivacea was proposed as a new synonym of Lycorma meliae. Besides, the first description to the fifth-instar nymph of Saiva formosana and an identification key to adults of Fulgoridae from Taiwan were also provided. The Chapter 2 is about the invasion history of Pyrops candelaria in Taiwan. The longan lanternfly, P. candelaria is a new invasive species to the main island of Taiwan. Understanding the source of invasion is the first step of management for an invasive species. In this chapter, the genetic structures of several populations of P. candelaria from the native regions and the main island of Taiwan were analyzed based on partial COI and ND2 sequences. According to the results of phylogenetic and haplotype network analysis, all the samples collected from the main island of Taiwan belonged to the same haplotype with 10 samples from Kinmen and one sample from Hong Kong, suggesting that both Kinmen and Hong Kong could be possible sources of the invasive populations in Taiwan. The results from AMOVA analyses not only showed strong biogeography barrier between different geographical groups but also confirmed the poor flight ability of lanternflies, suggesting that the invasion of the P. candelaria might be caused by artificial introduction. The present study will be helpful for the establishment of quarantine policy.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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