修枝對台灣阿拉比卡種咖啡樹之農藝性狀影響

Studies on the response of selected agronomic traits to the trimming of Coffea arabica trees in Taiwan

陳科后(Ko-Hou Chen)

指導教授 ： 王裕文

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/農藝學研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2011.01016

摘要

2010年在台灣16個莊園進行咖啡樹修枝的工作，探討修枝處理對於咖啡漿果或是咖啡生豆，甚至烘焙後的入口滋味是否有差異。從各項農藝性狀來進行觀察，包括漿果厚度、漿果甜度、生豆水分含量、生豆重量、生豆密度以及產量，最後進行咖啡官能鑑定。除了修枝處理外，也將莊園、採收期、發育週數和海拔高度一併進行討論，觀察這些因子對咖啡漿果或生豆的農藝性狀是否有差異。最後選用資料較完整的六個莊園進行分析。
結果顯示，除了生豆水分含量外，莊園的效應對於所有的咖啡漿果和生豆性狀都有顯著差異，所以不同莊園的氣候環境與栽培管理方法對於咖啡樹的生長有最直接的影響，而水分含量取決於咖啡漿果的後處理，在本次實驗的後處理過程都相同，所以差異不大。修枝處理會使生豆密度增加並且讓高海拔低溫未成熟豆的數量下降，顯示適當的修枝處理可以讓咖啡果實的充實度佳、發育良好、養分充足，修枝強度應該要依照不同地區或樹勢來決定。在官能鑑定的部分，發現生豆重量越重，官能鑑定的總分越高，或許可以將生豆重量做為一個評斷咖啡豆品質的參考，另外也發現，海拔高度較高地區生產的咖啡豆不一定品質較佳，同時也要考慮緯度高低的問題，在緯度較高的地區，就算海拔不高，也同樣能產出優秀的咖啡豆。

關鍵字

咖啡 ； 修枝 ； 官能鑑定

並列摘要

Trimming is a common technique to improve the growth potential of fruit tree. Using the coffee cherries from 6 estates, we evaluate the effects of trimming on the agronomic traits of coffee cherry and coffee beans, and as well as the sensory quality of the coffee. In Addition to the trimming, the effects of the estate, altitude and length of maturation on the agronomic traits of coffee were also studied.
Except for the coffee bean water content, the effect of estate has significant differences in the size of coffee cherry, the sugar content of coffee cherry, the weight of coffee bean, the density of coffee bean and coffee bean production. The results showed that the most important factor affecting the quality of coffee is the estate. Each estate has different environmental conditions and cultivation management practices which affect the quality of coffee profoundly. With the trimming treatment, the density of coffee beans increased and the proportion of the immature beans caused by high altitude and low temperature decreased. Proper trimming treatment will let the coffee cherry grow better. The results also revealed in the scores of the sensory evaluation increased as the weight of coffee beans heavier. This is consistent with the recognition of the high quality coffee bean in the industry. On the other hand, it is contradictory to the general perception of the altitude on quality in our studies, which might be attributed to the complex combinations on the altitude and latitude effects from the island.

並列關鍵字

coffee ； trimming ； sensory evaluation

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