儒家園林的建構──清代滄浪亭的重修與空間意義詮釋

The construction of the Confucian garden: The reconstruction of Chang-Lang Tingand interpretation of its spatial meaning in the Qing Dynasty

葉叡宸(Ruei-chen Ye)

指導教授 ： 曹淑娟

國立臺灣大學/文學院/中國文學研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.00837

摘要

滄浪亭作為蘇州四大園林之一，具有源遠流長的歷史以及豐富的人文記憶。自宋迄清，滄浪亭屢興屢廢，其間它曾為豪門池館、文士亭園、梵宇僧寺、英雄祠廟、公共園林；並且，經由反覆的重修，園林在保有舊記憶的同時，也獲得新生，是而滄浪亭的空間意義與象徵不斷在改變、轉化。
　　清代以後的滄浪亭，經宋犖、吳存禮、梁章鉅、張樹聲等地方官員主導的重修工作，在一致認取蘇舜欽滄浪亭的記憶賦歸中，也同時為滄浪亭注入全新的意義。並且，伴隨物質性營建工作，三本滄浪亭亭志先後編纂成書，記錄下滄浪亭空間意義昔/今的繼承與歷時性變化。大抵而言，有清一代，宋犖恢復蘇舜欽滄浪亭的記憶與景象，並轉化滄浪亭空間性質；吳存禮重修並設立御碑賦予滄浪亭政教意味；梁章鉅與張樹聲等人增建五百名賢祠與明道堂、舉行教化活動。因此，
清代重修後的滄浪亭，在「蘇舜欽滄浪亭」為主脈的歷史記憶方向中，由私人性空間走向公共園林。而政教風化和原本文士隱逸、觴詠休閒，成為了清代滄浪亭空間意義的雙重主調。
　　過往研究者言及滄浪亭時，未能深入探討清代以後滄浪亭的發展狀況，且多半聚焦於「蘇舜欽」以及「隱逸文化」的主題。對於三本滄浪亭志的內容、官員重修事件，僅停留於「現象的呈現」，而缺少詳細的意義詮釋。因此本研究以「重修」為觀察焦點，透過三本亭志與各類滄浪亭相關的書寫紀錄，試圖經由園林空間中的人/地交互關係，從部分而全體，描繪、詮說清代滄浪亭重修後的空間圖景象徵及新義。以期能發明滄浪亭志的文獻價值，並補足清代滄浪亭園林史、文化史之發展圖像。

關鍵字

滄浪亭 ； 重修 ； 宋犖 ； 吳存禮 ； 梁章鉅 ； 蘇舜欽 ； 滄浪亭志

並列摘要

As one of four most famous gardens of Soochow, Chang-Lang Ting(Great Wave Pavilion) has a long history and abundant humanistic memories. From Sung to Qing, Chang-Lang Ting has been reconstructed and ruined repeatedly. In the period, it has been a resort of tycoons, a garden of literati, a temple of Buddhist monks, a temple for ancestry, and a garden for the public. Owing to repeated reconstructions, Chang-Lang Ting not only preserved the old memories, but also gained rebirth. Therefore, the meanings and symbols of Chang-Lang Ting changed and transformed constantly.
In Qing Dynasty, by way of the reconstructions led by some local officials like Song-luo, Wu cun-li,Liang zhang-ju, and Zhang shu-sheng, who all identified with the memories of Su shun-qin, new meanings have been poured into Chang-Lang Ting. In addition, with the process of the reconstruction, three Chang-Lang Ting chronicles were complied; they recorded the past-to-the-present changes and preservation of spatial meanings of Chang-Lang Ting. In all, in Qing Dynasty, Song-luo restored the memories and scenes of Su shun-qin and converted the spatial property. Wu cun-li reconstructed Chang-Lang Ting, set a imperial stele at the pavilion and gave the meaning of political indoctrination to Chang-Lang Ting. Liang zhang-ju and Zhang shu-sheng added the Memorial Temple to Five Hundred Sages and the Ming Dao Hall and hold kinds of education activities. Therefore, after reconstructions in Qing Dynasty, in the context of the historical memory of “Chang-Lang Ting of Su shun-qin ”, Chang-Lang Ting were turned into a public garden from a private garden. And the function of political indoctrination and original function of seclusion and social intercourse of literati became the double main theme of spatial meanings.
When the researchers discussed the Chang-Lang Ting in the past, they didn’t look deep into the development of Chang-Lang Ting after Qing Dynasty. They mostly focused on the topic of Su shun-qin and the recluse culture. The discussions about the contents of three Chang-Lang Ting chronicles and the reconstructions by the officials only stopped at “phenomena presenting,” lacking interpretation of its meaning. Therefore, the thesis focuses on the “reconstruction” ,try to describe and interpret the symbol of spatial features and new meanings through the interaction between humanity and space which was recorded in the three Chang-Lang Ting chronicles. I hope to elucidate the documentary value of three Chang-Lang Ting chronicles and complement the development images of Chang-Lang Ting history and the cultural history of Chang-Lang Ting in Qing Dynasty.

並列關鍵字

Chang-Lang Ting ； reconstruction ； Song-luo ； Wu cun-li ； Liang zhang-ju ； Su shun-qin ； Chang-Lang Ting chronicles

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