扭力分配差速器對車輛動態之影響

The Effect of Torque Vectoring Differentials on Vehicle Handling Dynamics

李東原(Li, Dong-Yuan)

指導教授 ： 劉霆

國立臺灣大學/工學院/機械工程學研究所/碩士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201602418

摘要

本研究之目的為分析扭力分配差速器對車輛動態之影響，並比較各系統動力分配之特性與差異。本論文研究之扭力分配差速器機構(Torque Vectoring Differential, TVD)是由一般差速器為基礎，搭配增速機構或改變原有差速器機構以達到扭力分配的系統。該系統在輸入端獲得動力並將動力分別輸出至兩側車輪，具有差速功能與扭力分配功能。本研究首先建立Matlab車輛動態模擬程式，包含可替換之車輛模型、輪胎模型、路況模型、駕駛模型，以此求得不同操作情形與環境下之車輛動態表現，並比較各系統特性之差異。其中比較各系統以定扭力行駛於不同路況之道路時的防滑功能，並討論平地與爬坡對系統操作及特性之影響。接著模擬當輸入定扭力及定轉向角時，在不同車速下車輛轉向半徑之變化趨勢、側向及迴轉速度值，並討論車輛加減速對系統之影響。結果顯示不同類型之扭力分配差速器具有不同的特性，但皆可藉由扭力調整提升車輛之轉向性能，並可在車輛失去抓地力時保有較佳的驅動力。

關鍵字

車輛動態 ； 扭力分配 ； 扭力分配差速器 ； 數值分析模擬 ； 車輛模型

並列摘要

Torque vectoring differentials (TVDs) in the study are based on an open differential with additional mechanisms or slightly change the mechanism of the open differential to be capable of distributing torque to two output shafts. A system obtains torque from input shaft and outputs into two separate shafts connected to tires, and which is capable of differential function and torque-disturbing function. There have been some TVDs available on the market but without any study on finding the difference between each of them. The study is going to summarize the steps as well as build a program to analyze TVDs. The programs was developed in Matlab and composed of vehicle model, tire model, road model and driving model. Through the program can we obtain and compare the dynamics of vehicles with different TVDs. The study will compare limit-slip function in different road conditions with a fixed input torque and compare variation trend of cornering radius as well as every type of velocity at different car speeds but with a fixed input torque. The result shows that torque-distributing can enhance the performance of cornering and retain more traction when tires slip; besides, every type of TVDs has its unique characteristic.

並列關鍵字

vehicle dynamics ； torque vectoring ； torque distributing ； numerical simulation ； brake based torque vectoring

參考文獻

[13] 陳羿名,應用功能動力圖論方法於車輛扭力導引系統之設計與分析. 國立台灣大學工學院機械工程學研究所博士論文, 2016.

[1] Encyclopaedia Britannica inc, Encyclopaedia Britannica. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, 2008.

[4] J. Kinsey, "The Advantages of an Electronically Controlled Limited Slip Differential," SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0861, 2004, doi:10.4271/2004-01-0861.

[5] R. Kumar, B. Suda, S. Karande, D. Piyabongkarn, et al., "Simulation and Experimental Study of Torque Vectoring on Vehicle Handling and Stability," SAE Technical Paper 2009-28-0062, 2009, doi:10.4271/2009-28-0062.

[6] K. Sawase, Y. Ushiroda, K. Inoue, "Effect of the Right-and-left Torque Vectoring System in Various Types of Drivetrain," SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-3645, 2007, doi:10.4271/2007-01-3645.