- 學位論文
捷運走廊公共自行車與公車系統整合最佳設計
Optimal Design of Public Bike and Bus Systems on A Mass Rapid Transit Corridor
摘要
近年來隨著城市的擴張與私人機動運具的普及，各國城市面臨嚴重的交通擁擠與環境問題，因此開始以發展公共運輸的思維進行永續城市面貌的重塑。然而，任一公共運具無法無限制地興建及延伸，且僅靠單獨一項公共運具對私人機動運具旅次的吸引力十分有限，因此須以營運整合的角度來進行公共運輸系統規劃與設計。過去單一公共運具的規劃設計，無法形成無縫且及門的公共運輸服務，因而將多元公共運輸系統如公共自行車、共享汽機車、計程車以及創新的移動服務融入系統整合設計，即是複合運輸服務與「多元整合出行服務」（Mobility as a Service， MaaS）理念的實現。 過往針對公共運輸服務最佳化研究，僅探討單一或兩項公共運具系統整合，已無法滿足現今旅次需求及多元整合出行服務營運整合規劃之需要。因此，本研究將多元整合出行服務中最常見於套裝服務之捷運、公車及公共自行車等三種運具納入整合系統，在最小化社會總成本的目標下，以分析性數學方法建立最佳化模式，針對捷運走廊之捷運、公共自行車及直達與接駁公車系統進行最佳設計，決策變數包含直達公車路線長度、直達與接駁公車路線間距及服務班距，以及公共自行車站點密度。 本研究選定台北捷運淡水線走廊進行實證分析，並經由敏感度分析探討模式各項參數對於決策變數及相關成本的影響。實證分析結果除驗證所建模式具有實用價值，且得以在不同公共運輸系統特性及旅次需求變動下分析最佳營運決策。成本分析結果亦顯示，多元整合出行服務有助於降低使用者及營運者成本，且可發揮公共運輸系統之規模經濟。本研究所建構之模式及分析結果可作為多元整合出行服務與公共運輸整合規劃設計之參考。
並列摘要
With the urbanization and motorization, cities have been faced with serious congestion and environmental challenges, and public transportation development has become a crucial way to bring sustainability to the city. However, any public transportation system cannot be built and extended without financial restrictions, while the attractiveness of one single mode to private motorized vehicle users is very limited. The system design from the perspective of one single public transportation mode led to a lack of integration and also made it difficult to provide seamless and accessible public transportation services. Therefore, with the concept of multimodality and Mobility as a Service, diversified public transportation systems, including public bikes, shared scooters and cars, taxis, and other new motility solutions, have been considered in planning and design of integrated mobility services. Previous studies aimed at optimizing public transportation systems mainly focus on one single mode or the integration between two modes and are unable to meet the needs of multimodal integration under the concept of MaaS. This study, however, developed an analytic model to optimize a metro corridor with various public transportation systems, including MRT, bus and public bike systems, which are popularly being included in MaaS service packages. The optimization model has the objective function of minimum total cost of users and operators, while the decision variables include the route length of direct bus system, the route spacing and the headway of direct and feeder bus systems, and the density of public bike system. The Tamsui Line of Taipei metro corridor is selected for a case study. Sensitivity analysis is also conducted to explore the effects of various parameters on decision variables and the corresponding costs. It has been verified that the analytic model has applicability and can provide optimal decisions for various system changes and various passenger demands. In addition, the result of this research shows that having MaaS concept included in public transportation design can significantly decrease the costs of both users and operators. It has also shown that MaaS has the attribute of economies of scale. Therefore, the model proposed and results obtained in this study can be a reference for planning and design of MaaS and integrated public transportation systems.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
- 楊皓翔（2019）。公共自行車與市區公車連結使用之特性分析〔碩士論文，中原大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201900892
- 章邵晶（2015）。以結合計畫行為理論與科技接受模式探討捷運機車轉乘族轉換公共自行車之行為意圖研究〔碩士論文，淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2015.00683
- 羅先豪、孔令傑、王博群、李子璋（2022）。公共自行車轉乘捷運架構下之大眾運輸導向發展概念調整。都市與計劃，49(2)，181-198。https://doi.org/10.6128/CP.202206_49(2).0003
- 林佩穎（2014）。公共自行車之成功服務與關鍵要素之研究〔碩士論文，國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.10629
- 林志勳（2006）。Integration of Intelligent Transportation Technologies into Bus Rapid Transit〔碩士論文，國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.00762