- 學位論文
都市垃圾焚化廠空氣污染防制設備效能評估
The efficiency assessment of air pollution control devices for a municipal solid waste plant
摘要
垃圾處理是民生重大問題之一。近年來由於政府的推行，垃圾焚化比例逐年提高，而資源回收等措施對於垃圾質與量的改變，勢必對焚化廠運作造成影響。本研究從焚化爐的監控與操作資料，來瞭解焚化爐的操作條件和性能表現是否正常，並以現有的空氣污染防治設備，經由實驗室模場所發展的效能參數，比較其整合於大型垃圾焚化廠的可行性，最後藉由多變量統計分析方法，透過從垃圾進料、焚化處理、空氣污染防治設備(APCD)的完整流程，深入瞭解大型焚化廠的處理過程與情況，並期望能找出適合都市垃圾焚化廠的操作模式，作為焚化廠改善效能的參考。 研究發現，在垃圾進料成分改變確實影響焚化產物，且當過量空氣比為1.5-1.7，爐溫900℃且停留時間在四秒以上，燃燒室熱負荷、爐床燃燒率、破壞去除率可達到預定水準。APCD中半乾式洗滌塔的操作，將液氣比控制在9 l/Nm3 ，而鈣/酸氣當量比控制在2.2，入口壓力為-40mm- H2O，停留時間減少至原本的56%，可達到合理處理效率並節省資源浪費;戴奧辛控制可藉本文相關模式結果，由活性碳添加量做有效的控制;袋式集塵器方面，可將氣布比及壓力降控制在0.5m/min及150mmH2O以維持合理效能，而利用單一濾布阻力模式來分析，可有效簡化分析時間並提供合理的預測效果，且本研究中也證實，以實驗室尺度的操作參數經修正後可有效預測實廠的操作效能；最後嘗試利用多變量統計分析方法建立APCD效能方程式，以提供焚化廠操作改善並減少煙道污染排放的參考。 關鍵字：都市垃圾焚化廠、空氣污染防治設備、煙道排放、效能評估、多變量統計分析
並列摘要
Waste management is one of the most important problems today. Recently years because of the government support, the proportion of waste incineration is increasing. Some strategies including resource recycling, and it would make great impact on the operation of the municipal solid waste (MSW) plant. This research will discuss the operation and performance of the MSW incinerator and its air pollution control devices (APCDs) from the continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) data. The purpose we try to integrate the laboratory-scale parameters with the efficiency assessment for MSW plant. Otherwise, this research will find out the well operation conditions to improve the efficiency assessment adapting to MSW plant via Multivariate analysis. The results shows that the change in the waste components effect incineration products. It have good performance as the combustion chamber heat loading, stoker burning rate, destruction and removal efficiency and combustion efficiency(CE), will reach the excellent situation. The CE is about 99.98% on condition that the 150%-170% amount of excess air, 900℃ of incinerator temperature, and 4 seconds for residency time. In good operation of semi-dry spray tower, if we control the liquid- gas ratio (L/G) to 9 l/Nm3, the stoichiometric ratio (SR) to 2.2, the inlet pressure of semi-dry sprayer to -40mmH2O, and the residual time to 56% of current setting, the removal efficiency of acid gas could be promoted as well as economizing the use of resources. The relation between dioxin emission and active carbon quantity also be investigated, and the model is established in this part. In the result of baghouse filter , we suggest setting the air to cloth ratio (A/C) to 0.5m/min and the pressure drop to 150mmH2O.It is also confirmed that we can predict the operation condition by simplifying the analyzing process with using single filter model and the lab scale parameters. Finally, this research is established some operation models by the multivariate analysis, and it could be a reference in order to reduce the flue gas emission as well as promote the operation for MSW plant.