China studies as an academic discipline grows rapidly in recent years in Australia whereby impressive research projects have achieved international reputation. Among which, the “Provincial China” project is especially noteworthy due to its methodological and theoretical focus on differences between areas. The current thesis introduces the evolution of the project and the theoretical underpinning of its founder, David S. G. Goodman, as well as other concerned scholars involved in this research project. The thesis also provides an assessment on the strength and weakness of such a provincial focus from a geographical perspective.