臺灣地區老年人認知功能障礙影響因子之探討

臺灣正面臨人口老化問題，而失智症是常出現在老年人當中的疾病，盛行率也隨著年齡增加而倍增，如何預防失智症將會是未來的一大重要課題，而失智症之臨床前期症狀為認知功能障礙，在國外方面也有許多文獻探討關於認知功能障礙，其中不乏有飲酒頻率相關的部份，而國內方面較少有此部分相關的研究，因此本研究的研究目的在於探討兩者之間的關係，並嘗試建立因果，接著以不同群體做探討，最後予以建議。研究使用衛福部所提供之臺灣地區中老年身心調查(Taiwan Longitude Study on Aging ，TLSA)問卷，選取常見與認知功能障礙相關之因子和特別關注變數飲酒頻率，並將飲酒頻率分為重度飲酒、適當飲酒和少量飲酒三個部分，在進行邏輯斯迴歸並觀察兩者之間的關係，接著第二部分再將樣本分群，以性別、年齡、婚姻狀況和教育程度，分為四個不同群體，觀察飲酒頻率和認知功能障礙在不同情況下的不同影響。在實證結果當中，其中以重度飲酒和少量飲酒與認知功能障礙有顯著關係，適當飲酒則無，在分群探討實證結果中，以年齡大於65歲以上、女性、無伴侶和教育程度為高中以下者，重度飲酒和少量飲酒與認知功能障礙有著顯著關係。面對人口老化和失智症之課題，政府應多重視上述族群之老年人，建立相關社會福利，比如新建相關社福機構、多舉辦老年人相關社會活動。對於無伴侶的老年人，應定期派社工查訪，另外應建立此族群的專屬資料庫，最後並制定相關的飲酒規定以達到預防失智症的目的。

關鍵字

飲酒頻率；失智症；認知功能障礙；邏輯斯迴歸

並列摘要

Taiwan is facing an old aged population and dementia is one of the disease often appear in the eldery. The prevalence of dementia will become twice when population become older. How to prevent dementia is a big issue in the future. However, Cognitive Impairment is a early symptom in the dementia, many papers in the foreign are to discuss about the Cognitvie Ipairment, there are many parts related to frequency of drinking alcohol and Cognitive Impairment. But in Taiwan are a little. So, the purpose of this study is to discuss the relationship of these two, and attempt to build a causal relationship. In the end, this study will give some suggests. This study used a longitude survey of the middle-aged and old people in Taiwan, the survey is about the mental and physical social life. This survey is called Taiwan longitude studying on aging. In order to regression analysis, First, controlling the determinants of Cognitive Impairment and divide the frequency of alcohol intake into three situation such as heavy drink, moderate drink and low drink. Then, use the Logistic Regression to discuss about the relationship. Second, group the sample by age, sex, marital status and education level, discussing about these two relationships. The empirical results show that heavy drink and low drink are positive significant to Cognitive Impairment, In the group discuss, the result show that age over 65 years, female, no soulmate and education level below the high school, In these four group, heavy drink and low drink are positive significant to Cognitive Impairment. Facing an old age population and dementia issue, the government should more take care of these group of elder, set some related social benefit, for example, built new social welfare agency and social activity. For those who didn’t live with partner, the government should send social worker to visit regularly. Additionally, the government can build the database which include these elderlies. In the end, the government should set the standard which is about the alcohol intake, to prevent the dementia.