從《詠懷古跡》、《板橋雜記》論余懷的金陵記憶

Memory of Jinling: A Study of Sentimental Verses at Heritage Site and Diverse Records of Wooden Bridge by Yu Huai (1616-1696)

鄭淇丰(Chi-Feng Cheng)

指導教授 ： 曹淑娟

國立臺灣大學/文學院/中國文學研究所/碩士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201600864

摘要

明代城市中多樣、豐富與便利的生活為文人開啟了新的書寫模式，描寫城市生活與城市景觀的詩文開始出現，而明清易代又使得城市增加了政治意義與歷史重量。明清之際有大量關於城市的詩文創作，這些詩文多半環繞著今昔盛衰與歷史遺跡而作，城市成為引發故國之思的一個象徵。明清之際的金陵就是一個顯著的例子。作為明清之際的倖存者之一，余懷 (1616-1696) 透過書寫其自身記憶，試圖保存與形塑他記憶中的晚明金陵面貌。余懷寫作《詠懷古跡》及《板橋雜記》的意圖，便是通過將金陵轉化為一個承載他個人經驗與記憶的文化符號，從而塑造出明遺民余懷眼中的金陵。

本研究試圖藉余懷書寫金陵所選取的視角與他所選擇採錄的時人詩作，探看明清之際的金陵書寫樣貌，並從這樣的記憶與書寫活動之中，試圖觀察金陵在明清之際文人筆下所具有的意義。余懷在《詠懷古跡》中通過地景追尋前人行跡，與歷史中的人物進行對話，對於地景的敏感以及史料的熟悉，是余懷書寫金陵記憶時相當重要的一個面向。《板橋雜記》則通過書寫秦淮河畔的空間架構，並將往日記憶置入相應的位置，試圖重新建構一座明遺民們熟悉的城市。余懷在《板橋雜記》中大量抄錄他人詩作，有著呈現當時文人所共有的金陵記憶的企圖。通過余懷選擇性的抄錄，這些詩作所呈現的詩歌氛圍便形成一種典範的社會記憶。

在《詠懷古跡》與《板橋雜記》中所呈現出的，不只是余懷的個人經驗與記憶，而是明清之際文人對於金陵所共有的社會記憶。這是一種對於城市文化有著高度自覺與認同的情況下所進行的書寫，同時也體現了文人階層對於城市文化的品味以及記憶。

關鍵字

余懷 ； 明清之際 ； 金陵 ； 地景 ； 記憶 ； 城市書寫

並列摘要

During Ming Dynasty, the diversity, the abundant and the convenience of city had lead literati to start to write poems about living and landscape in the city. In addition, during Ming-Qing transition, the chaos also added political meaning and weight of history to city. Therefore, there were numerous writings about city along with alternation of generations and historic places, which made “city” become a symbol of nostalgia for the past Ming dynasty, for example, Jinling. Yu Huai 余懷 (1616-1698), as a survivor during Ming-Qing transition, tried to retain and build the image of Jinling during late-Ming by writing down his personal experience and memory. As written in the “Sentimental Verses at Heritage Site” (Yong huai gu ji 詠懷古跡 ) and “Diverse Records of Wooden Bridge” (Ban qiao za ji 板橋雜記 ), he turned Jinling into a culture semiotic.

This study focused on the image of Jinling in the writings during Ming-Qing transition by reviewing Yu Huai’s personal perspective on Jinling and the others’ poems chose by him, identifying how Jinling became a culture semiotic and the meaning it stood for. In “Sentimental Verses at Heritage Site”, Yu Huai communicated with the historical figures by following their footprints. His sensitivity to landscape and familiarity to history played an important role in his writings. On the other hand, in “Diverse Records of Wooden Bridge”, he tried to rebuild a city which the Ming loyalists were familiar with by placing his memory into the spaceframe of Qinhuai riverside. He also selectively copied others' poems about Jinling for presenting a model of social memory.

In sum, from “Sentimental Verses at Heritage Site” and “Diverse Records of Wooden Bridge”, Yu Huai shown not only his personal experience and memory, but also a social memory of Jinling during Ming-Qing transition. It was a kind of writing presenting self-conscious and self-identity with literati’s taste and their recalling of a city.

並列關鍵字

Yu Huai ； Ming-Qing transition ； Jinling ； landscape ； memory ； city writing

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