同功群間捕食在生物防治中所扮演之角色

The role of intraguild predation in biological control

吳三和(San-He Wu)

指導教授 ： 奧山利規

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/昆蟲學研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.01079

摘要

生物防治媒介 (biological control agent) 的挑選對害蟲管理的成功與否相當重要。但由於生物防治媒介之間有相互攻擊的可能性，使防治媒介的挑選變得格外困難 (即同生態功能群個體間相互捕食；intraguild predation)。根據實際研究，使用多種生物防治媒介時，與僅使用單一防治媒介相比，害蟲族群量有上升、下降或不變等情形。然而，現有的模型無法解釋為何有效果上的差異。為了讓理論研究能夠與實際研究相符，此篇論文同時使用實作與理論等研究方法。在實作方面，進行了四種常見生物防治媒介 (基徵草蛉、小十三星瓢蟲、赤星瓢蟲、錨紋瓢蟲) 的功能反應 (functional response) 實驗。在理論部份，藉由實驗數據的支持，建立了一同功群間捕食的數學模型。對新模型進行分析後發現，此模型能夠解釋實際研究時效果上的差異。且此數學模型的分析結果，也討論了生物防治媒介上的挑選。

關鍵字

同生態功能群個體間相互捕食 ； 功能反應 ； 生物防治 ； 草蛉 ； 瓢蟲

並列摘要

The selection of biological control agents is a crucial decision for the success of pest management practices, which is made difficult by predation among agents (i.e., intraguild predation, IGP). Empirical studies show that the use of multiple agents can have positive, negative, or neutral effects on the control of pest populations (compared to the use of the single most efficient agent). However, current theoretical models are unable to explain the observed variation in biological control outcomes. This study combined theoretical and empirical approaches to bridge the gap between theory and observed patterns. In the empirical part, the functional responses of four common biological agents (Mallada basalis, Harmonia dimidiate, Lemnia saucia and Lemnia biplagiata) were determined. In the theoretical part, a mathematical model of IGP was developed by using the functional response model that was best supported in the experiment. The analysis of the model indicated that the model can explain the variation in biological control outcomes found in empirical studies. Biological control implications of model predictions are discussed with respect to the selection of biological control agents.

並列關鍵字

intraguild predation ； functional response ； biological control ； green lacewing ； ladybird beetle

參考文獻

Abad-Moyano R, Urbaneja A, Hoffmann D, Schausberger P. 2010. Effects of Euseius stipulatus on establishment and efficacy in spider mite suppression of Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis in clementine. Experimental and Applied Acarology 50: 329-341.

Abrams PA. 1982. Functional responses of optimal foragers. American Naturalist 120: 382-390.

Abrams PA. 2010. Implications of flexible foraging for interspecific interactions: lessons from simple models. Functional Ecology 24: 7-17.

Agboton BV, Hanna R, Onzo A, Vidal S, von Tiedemann A. 2013. Interactions between the predatory mite Typhlodromalus aripo and the entomopathogenic fungus Neozygites tanajoae and consequences for the suppression of their shared prey/host Mononychellus tanajoa. Experimental and Applied Acarology 60: 205-217.

Alexander ME, Dick JTA, O'Connor NE. 2013. Born to kill: predatory functional responses of the littoral amphipod Echinogammarus marinus Leach throughout its life history. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 439: 92-99.