臺灣法治評價何以低落？
─亞洲民主動態調查第四波資料分析

本研究以臺灣大學東亞民主研究中心（Center for East Asia Democratic Studies, National Taiwan University）的「亞洲民主動態調查」（Asian Barometer Survey，ABS）第二到第四波的問卷結果，輔以相關文獻，進行次級資料分析，觀察2006年到2014年臺灣法治（含貪腐控制）評價的變化，並找出影響法治評價的因素。研究結果顯示，2006年到2014年有超過半數以上的臺灣民眾認為政府不守法且普遍貪腐，尤其在2014年對法治評價的不滿，創下新高。為探究其影響因素，本研究以David Easton的政治系統模型作為分析的基礎，從亞洲民主動態調查第四波問卷調查結果中，篩選出883筆認為「政府高層官員違法或濫用權力的情形嚴重」且「在中央政府裡，貪污腐化的情況普遍」的群體，並假設該群體對其法治（含貪腐控制）不滿，是對政府依法而治的信任感不足和對法治認知產生混淆，並可能受到政治社會化的影響。研究發現，影響法治評價低落的因素有對政府機構的信任感與執法成效、窮人和富人政策的滿意度、政府有努力控制貪腐的感受、意見表達自由的認知混淆、個人的政治無力感和與官員接觸的經驗。而且，政治社會化對於政治信任感和法治認知產生相當廣泛的影響。

關鍵字

法治；貪腐；法治評價；政治信任感；認知混淆；政治社會化

並列摘要

This study is based on the results of the II to IV of the Asian Barometer Survey (ABS) of the Center for East Asia Democratic Studies (National Taiwan University), supplemented by relevant literature, conduct secondary data analysis to observe changes of the rule of law (including corruption control) evaluation in Taiwan from 2006 to 2014, and identify the influencing factors. The results show that from 2006 to 2014, more than half of the Taiwan people thought the government was not law-abiding and generally corrupt, especially in 2014, the dissatisfaction with the evaluation of the rule of law reached a new high. In order to explore its influencing factors, uses David Easton's political system model as the basis for analysis. From the results of the Asian Barometer Survey IV, Screen out 883 groups of people who think that "the situation of illegal or abuse of power by senior government officials is serious" and "corruption is prevalent in central government", and assuming that the group is dissatisfied with its rule of law (including corruption control) because of distrust of the government govern by law, cognition of the rule of law is confusing, and may be influenced by political socialization. The study found that factors affecting the low evaluation of the rule of law include trust in government institutions and enforcement effectiveness, satisfaction with the policies of the poor and the rich, perceptions of government efforts to control corruption, cognitive confusion about freedom of expression, personal political powerlessness and experience with officials. Moreover, political socialization has a very wide impact on political trust and the cognition of the rule of law.