台灣民主化與發展型國家的轉型：以科學工業園區政治經濟的變遷為例(1980-2017)

Democratization and Transformation of the Developmental State in Taiwan: A Case Study of Political Economic Change in Science Parks(1980–2017)

陳芙萱(Fu-Hsuan Chen)

指導教授 ： 張佑宗

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/政治學研究所/博士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201800588

摘要

在臺灣區域經濟發展的過程中，政府本身透過建置特定「科學園區」的政策建置與區位選擇規劃，使得1980年「新竹科學工業園區」，獲得區域經濟一定程度上成功的體現，進而促成北台灣朝向科技產業群聚的區域發展。1987年台灣解嚴，此種透過以「科學工業園區」等於「經濟增長」的經濟特區思惟卻未因解嚴而消散，反成為另一台灣經濟奇蹟的成功經驗，造就第二及第三科學工業園區的誕生並複製竹科經驗。由國家選擇重點產業進行發展即成為主要之政策論述，好處在發展帶來現代化與經濟成長，缺點則在於經濟發展成為依賴與從屬的過程，形成空間的不平等。2003年「中部科學工業園區」設立後，採行「同步開發、同步招商」政策，地方行動者之態度逐漸由歡迎轉為對抗，並對科學園區是否能直接顯著的帶動周邊區域經濟發展的功能存有疑慮。
本文透過深入訪談及根源衝突分析，利用衝突矩陣以辨識政治衝突和解決問題，研究發現科學工業園區之發展，從早期的地方政府爭取，直至晚近開發抗爭，其演變的主要原因在於台灣科學園區的開發及產業升級，政治衝突仍處威權轉型未完成階段，對於地方空間產生壓迫，以致園區產業發展呈高度複製現象。與傳統發展型國家的國家機關的角色不同的是，國家角色從引進技術、培養產業的主導角色，轉為政策指導之服務角色。發展型國家並未走向衰退，而是走向轉型及創新。

關鍵字

民主化 ； 發展型國家轉型 ； 科學工業園區 ； 政治經濟變遷 ； 根源衝突分析

並列摘要

The policy of establishing specific "science and industry parks" is initiated by Taiwan government during the process of regional economic development in Taiwan. The "Hsinchu Science Industrial Park" built in 1980 somewhat represents the success of the regional economy, and contributes the clustering of scientific and technological industry in the regional development of the northern Taiwan. The Order of Martial Law in Taiwan was lifted in 1987, but the discourse regarding the establishment of “science industrial parks” as the "economic growth" was not dissolved as the Order ended. The Hsinchu Science Park is considered as another Taiwan economic miracle and promotes the establishment of the second and third scientific industrial parks through the imitation of its model. As a result, the concept concerning key industries selected by the state to develop regional economy has becomes the main policy discourse. This discourse benefits the modernization and economic growth, but it also causes spatial inequality in the process of dependency and subordinating. The "Central Taiwan Science Park" was established in 2003, and the policy of "concurrent development of park spaces and investment attraction” was adopted. The attitudes of local actors gradually changed from friendly welcome to strong resistance, and these actors doubted whether science and industry parks can directly promote the economic development doubt.

This study, therefor, aims to analyze the political conflicts and resolve the problem by using the deep analysis and root cause conflict analysis. The researcher found that, the reasons for the resistance of the development of the parks could result from the development of Taiwan Science Park and the industrial upgrading is restrict, political conflict occurs in the stage of uncompleted authoritarian transformation, and the oppression caused by the local space limits, results in a large reproduction of the park industries. The role of national organizations in the developing countries has shifted from the leaders whose tasks would be technology introduction and industry nurturing to the providers who supply basic services to industries. Developmental State have not gone into recession, but have moved towards transformation and innovation.

並列關鍵字

Democratization ； the transformation of Developmental State ； Science and Industry Park ； Political and economic changes ； Root Contradiction Analysis

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