兩岸廉政專責機構之比較研究- 以中國監察部與臺灣廉政署為中心

A Comparitive Study on the Anti-Corruption Agency- Issues Concerning on China'sMinistry of Supervision With Taiwan's Agency Anginst Corruption

林忠毅(Chung-Yi Lin)

指導教授 ： 曾建元

共同指導教授 ： 邱榮舉

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201800603

摘要

中國目前仍處於威權政治體制，行政部門相互之間無法形成有效的制約。在中國共產黨貫穿黨、政、軍三大系統的現狀下，缺乏有效的監督及制衡機制，貪腐問題成為共產黨內部亟欲解決的嚴峻困境，也同時阻礙了中國往現代化國家的進程發展。臺灣廉政署成立以來，在國際透明組織的清廉印象指數的表現上一向使中國難以望其項背，雖在亞洲四小龍當中僅勝過南韓，但穩定成長的表現顯示對於貪腐問題上所挹注的努力反映在所獲得的成績中。
本文針對兩岸主要的反腐體系：中國的紀檢監察機關與臺灣的廉政署及政風體制作一比較性研究，運用文獻分析法、比較研究法及實地訪談法，從兩岸政治及發展歷程，比較彼此制度的異同。
終章以筆者本身實務工作經驗，提出研究建議如下：
一、提高廉政組織層級，強化組織功能。
二、擴展廉政專責機構業務職掌。
三、完善法制面的規範。
四、雙重領導體制的檢討。
五、業務權責的調整。
六、綜合內外控機制的特點。

關鍵字

中國紀檢監察 ； 廉政署 ； 貪腐 ； 威權體制

並列摘要

At present, theAuthoritarian systemis still governing the public administration in China. It is hard to form an effective supervision mechanism between administration departments. As the party, governmental and military systems are administrated by Communist Party of China, the administrative power cannot reach a proper balance, thus corruption has become a crucial problem and further turns into a major obstacle keeping China away from developed modern country.
According to Corruption Perception Index released by TransparencyInternational, Taiwan performs better than China ever since Agency Against Corruption was established, although only surpasses South Korea in the 4 Asia Little Dragons, the Steady growthshowson international evaluation reflects the fact that efforts spent on anti-corruption in Taiwan has actually achieved something.
This thesiscompares the major anti-corruption systemsof Taiwan and China:China's Ministry of Supervision system and Taiwan’sAgency Against Corruption and Civil Service Ethics system. Document analysis and comparative analysis and In-depth Interviews Method will be adopted to compare the differences of political system and development history, aimingto discover the crux of the problem and possibly raisefeasible suggestions.
In the final chapter, based onpersonal practical experience, suggestions aregiven as follows:
1. Increase the organizational hierarchyand amplify the organizational functionality of Anti-Corruption Agency.
2. Expand the scale of the authority and responsibility ofAnti-Corruption Agency.
3. Established a sounder legal system.
4. Conduct an overall reviewonthe system of dual leadership.
5. Apply proper adjustment tothe authority and responsibility of Anti-Corruption Agency.
6. Combine the features of internal control system with external control system.

並列關鍵字

China Discipline Inspection and Supervision ； Agency Against Corruption ； Corruption ； Authoritarian system

參考文獻

林民凱（2014）。〈論中共行政監察制度——以國務院監察部與紀律檢查委員會為例〉，《社科法政論叢》，第2期：93-122。

彭立忠、張裕衢（2007）。〈華人四地貪腐程度之比較——以「貪腐成因」為分析途徑〉，《公共行政學報》，第24期，103-135。

陳仲偉（2008）。《兩岸廉政工作比較》。台北：淡江大學國際事務與戰略研究所碩士在職專班碩士論文。

曾建元（2016）。〈習近平主政以來中華人民共和國的反腐打貪機制及其成效〉，十八大以來的習近平學術研討會論文。台北：翰蘆圖書出版有限公司。6月24日。

Huntington, Samuel P. (1968). Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: Yale University Press.