房屋建築工程預鑄工法生產成本分析之研究

A Research on Production Cost Analysis of Precast Concrete Construction for Building Projects

翁敏欽(Min-Chin Weng)

指導教授 ： 曾惠斌

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2008.10132

摘要

摘要

預鑄工法在所有建築營建工法中，是最具自動化內涵的施工方式，具備許多的優點，但在台灣發展30多年，可發展的空間仍受限制，主要是成本效益與工法是否適用於需求使用的問題。而這些問題如能從工法與成本研究中不斷探討改進發展，並在規劃設計階段時即能儘速切入，善用預鑄優點，並以成本效益為依歸，應可為目標專案與營建環境作出更好的貢獻。

　　成本研究通常包含成本計畫與成本分析，成本計畫是以業主與設計者的角度來看建築的某部份應以何種費用來設計，涉及整合與預測各成本間之平衡問題，也是規劃設計階段的重心。而成本分析乃是設計之後，或於計畫案竣工之後，對建築物之某一部份費用加以分析，以做為日後計畫之用的資料，經由過去案例之成本分析可得出建築物的成本組成，包括依工項別、依各部位構件、依工資或材料分類等所作之成本分析，其中在以工資與材料、工資比及生產率（或工率）為分類之分析，對預鑄工法與傳統工法之比較，可更容易看出各工法之優劣，並可預測因計畫與施工時間之落差致工資與材料不同漲法時，對成本不同影響，進而採取較適之工法與成本計畫，而這些工法比較選擇應以整體成本效益及工程特性為依據。

本文最後提出一種改善現有預鑄系統缺點之工法，並提出四種不同型式柱、樑、牆構件組合之模型，實際應用於一棟二層樓建築，藉由實際營建過程紀錄其工時並驗證其可行性，並由工率比較四種模型彼此間及與現有預鑄工法之成本優劣，做為未來發展預鑄工法之參考及改進方向。

關鍵字

預鑄工法 ； 成本研究 ； 成本計畫 ； 成本分析 ； 成本效益

並列摘要

Abstract
　　Among all the construction engineering methods, precast concrete construction method is most characterized by automated construction and multiple advantages. Despite its presence in Taiwan for more than 30 years, its development is still quite limited, mainly because its cost effectiveness and applicability have been constantly questioned. If these issues could be discussed and improved through research on construction methods and costs, and be introduced in the design stage to utilize the merits of precast concrete construction with primary concern placed on cost effectiveness, the target project and the construction environment would be much benefited.
　　Cost research usually encompass cost plan and cost analysis. Cost plan is to evaluate the various costs of a particular design from the perspectives of the client and the designer. It involves integration and estimation of a balance among various costs, so it is also the focus in the design stage. Cost analysis is to analyze a certain cost of a construction after the project is designed or finished. The result can be the reference data for future projects. From cost analysis of past cases, cost compositions in terms of construction items, parts, wage, and materials, can all be derived. The analysis for wage, material, wage ratio, productivity (construction unit rate) can not only highlight the difference between precast method and traditional methods but also help estimate the impact of wage and material price surge caused by the gap between scheduled time and construction time on costs, so that more appropriate construction methods and cost plans can be adopted. However, comparison and selection of these construction methods should be based on the total cost effectiveness and engineering properties.
Finally, a construction method that could improve the drawbacks of the current precast system was proposed, along with four models based on various combinations of column, beam, and wall components. The method was practically applied to the construction of a 2-story building. During the construction, the working hours were recorded, so that the feasibility of the proposed method could be verified. Further, on the basis of construction unit rate, the costs of the four models and the current precast method were compared to provide a reference for future development and improvement of the precast concrete method.

並列關鍵字

precast concrete construction method ； cost planning ； cost research ； cost analysis ； cost effectiveness

參考文獻

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