五股濕地中四斑細蟌棲地之水文環境特性

Hydrology Affect Habitat Characteristics of Mortonagrion hirosei in Wugu Wetland

陳怡君(Yi-Jiun Chen)

指導教授 ： 張文亮

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/生物環境系統工程學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.01191

摘要

四斑細蟌（Mortonagrion hirosei）在世界上屬於稀有之物種，目前被國際自然保育聯盟歸為近危物種，於台灣僅出現於新北市五股濕地中，且活動範圍極為狹小，其中經本研究調查主要由五項環境因子所影響，分別為水質鹽度、溶氧、水深、土壤有機質及蘆葦。
　　五股濕地因受潮汐之影響，造成此區水質及土壤中的鹽分含量極高，四斑細蟌棲地水質鹽度為平均為 8.80‰，高鹽度水域易造成植物單一化，使棲地中生物多樣性低，而四斑細蟌於棲地中較不會與其他物種競爭之情形發生，且一般蘆葦適合生長於不超過 50 公分之水深，經本研究調查四斑細蟌棲地水深皆不超過 30 公分深，故適合蘆葦生長於此，但若蘆葦生長過於密集，易使水質溶氧降低，經調查其水中溶氧為 0~3mg/L，而一般生物皆不能生存於溶氧低於 3mg/L 的水域中，因此於棲地中天敵少，再者，土壤有機質需高，土壤有機質可以看出植物於棲地中生長之情形，四斑細蟌棲地多枯蘆葦，而這些腐敗之蘆葦會使土壤中有機質含量增加，使許多浮游性生物棲息於此，進而增加四斑細蟌掠食之對象，土壤有機質平均為 7.53±4.78%，另於研究中發現不同的棲地，而具有相似的環境因子條件，卻未發現四斑細蟌棲息之情形，推論為土壤有機質所造成之差異，因植物生長情形反應於土壤有機質上，在植物方面，棲地中優勢物種蘆葦，高蘆葦對四斑細蟌於棲地中生存具有高度隱密性，可以避免遭受其他飛行性生物捕食。
　　本研究主要調查四斑細蟌於成蟲階段棲息之環境，其中發現雄性成蟲與雌性成蟲對於棲地選擇有些微不同，經調查發現主要因子為溶氧及水深差異，雄性成蟲較雌性成蟲於棲地中具有高度分散性，因此對於棲地中水質條件需要較多溶氧，以利分佈於棲地中不同地方。經本研究調查，可以很明顯的看出，四斑細蟌對於棲地選擇非常專一。

關鍵字

四斑細蟌 ； 五股濕地 ； 棲地環境 ； 環境因子 ； 鹽度

並列摘要

The damselfly, Mortonagrion hirosei, is near threatened by IUCN 2001. The insect is extremely narrow range of activities, only lives in reed community of brackish water wetland in Wugu Wetlands, New Taipei City of Taiwan. By this study investigated mainly by five environmental factors affected , respectively, water salinity, dissolved oxygen, water depth, soil organic matter and reeds.
The damselfly lives under high concentration of saline water and soil habitat. The salinity of water to an average of 8.80‰. High salinity water lead to plant to become single, and then biological diversity become low. The M. hirosei in this habitat will not competition with other species. Reed is generally growth below 50 cm depth. In this study, M. hirosei habitat depth neither more than 30cm deep, and are suitable for reed growth here. However, if the reed growth too dense, the DO will become low. In this study, 0~3mg/L DO. Most of the biological can not survive on DO less than 3mg/L of water, so few natural enemies in this habitat. Furthermore, soil organic matter need to be high, because it can known that plant grow in the habitat. M. hirosei habitat have more dry reed, and the corruption of the reed allows the soil organic matter increased, so that many plankton in this habitat, thereby increasing the predation of the object. Soil organic matter average of 7.53%. In addition, the study found that the different habitat but have similar conditions of the environmental factors, but did not found the M. hirosei. Inference for the difference by the soil organic matter. Plant growth situation reflected in the soil organic matter. In plant, the dominant species on this habitat is reed. Reed help M. hirosei to survive in the habitat with high degree of privacy, that can avoided other flying of biological prey.
This study aims to investigate the M. hirosei in the environment of the adult stage, which found that male and female habitat selection is somewhat different. The survey found that the main factor for DO and water depth differences. Male than female in the habitat have high dispersion. Therefore, male require more DO in the habitat to facilitate the distribution of the different places in the habitat. By this study, the obvious M. hirosei to select very specific habitat.

並列關鍵字

Mortonagrion hirosei ； Wugu wetland ； habitat ； environmental factors ； salinity

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