- 學位論文
棲息地複雜性對珊瑚礁恢復力的影響；觀察與生態模式
Effects of habitat complexity on coral reef resilience; empirical and modelling approaches
摘要
了解什麼要素有助於珊瑚礁恢復力，能提供基礎認知以應對珊瑚礁的全球性消退。而珊瑚礁內的棲息地複雜性能通過連接珊瑚和草食性動物之間的相互反饋來幫助珊瑚礁系統的恢復。珊瑚骨骼生長能增強棲息地的複雜性，草食性動物的微棲地也順應增加，繼而能控制底棲藻類的擴張，進一步釋放空間予珊瑚生長。通過實際觀察和生態模式，本論文研究這種反饋在不同狀況下對珊瑚礁恢復力的影響：1）珊瑚、草食性動物和棲息地複雜性哪個對支持恢復力較重要，2）珊瑚和草食性動物之間的反饋是發生在什麼尺度上的棲息地複雜性，以及3）這種相互反饋會在何時重要地支持珊瑚礁恢復力。第二章探討了珊瑚礁恢復力、草食性動物和三種棲息地複雜性(尺度:大、中、小)之間的實際關係，採樣點為台灣南部的兩個珊瑚礁。珊瑚礁恢復力主要與草食性動物(海膽)數量有關。而珊瑚礁恢復力或海膽數量，跟棲息地複雜性的關聯都較弱。海膽數量隨中尺度的棲息地複雜性而增加（<1米），但隨著大尺度複雜性的增加而減少（>1米），顯示海膽可能只依賴特定尺度的棲息地複雜性。第三章利用了生態模式，探討了珊瑚、草食性動物魚類和棲息地複雜性之間反饋作用。與第二章相反，棲息地複雜性對支持珊瑚礁恢復力至為重要。這是由於棲息地複雜性為生態系統中的結構遺產，較能在干擾中持續存留、為草食性動物提供微棲地，帶來珊瑚/珊瑚礁系統的恢複。在人類干擾下(富營養化和過度捕撈) ，棲息地複雜性對恢復力的正面影響更為重要，因為在此情況下珊瑚面臨與底棲藻類更激烈的競爭，草食性動物的增長也較為受限。總體而言，本文提出棲息地複雜性可以成為珊瑚礁恢復力的重要支撐，特別是當它增加草食性動物的微棲地和在被人類干擾的珊瑚礁系統中。
並列摘要
To reverse the global degradation of coral reefs, understanding what contributes to their capacity to recover from disturbance, defined as resilience, is fundamental. Habitat complexity contributes to recoveries by linking the reciprocal feedback between corals and herbivores. Coral skeletons enhance habitat complexity and create micro-habitats for herbivores, which in turn remove benthic algae and release space for further coral growth. With both empirical and modelling approaches, this thesis examines how this feedback matters for coral reef resilience under different circumstances: i) which of corals, herbivores and habitat complexity matter most for supporting resilience, ii) what size scale of habitat complexity can link the feedback between corals and herbivores, and iii) when does this linkage matter. In chapter 2, the empirical relationship among resilience, herbivores and habitat complexity at three size scales was examined in two major coral reefs in Taiwan. Resilience was mostly related to herbivore abundance, which consisted mainly of sea urchins and was weakly associated with habitat complexity. Abundance of sea urchins increased with habitat complexity at centimetre scale (i.e., < 1m) but decreased with that at meter scale, suggesting sea urchins prefer habitat complexity of specific size ranges. In chapter 3, a mathematical model capturing feedback between corals and herbivore fishes was constructed. In contrast to chapter 2, coral reef resilience showed distinct dependency on habitat complexity. This arose as habitat complexity represents structural legacy and persists to support herbivores and corals amid disturbances. This role of habitat complexity was more important under eutrophication and fishing conditions, but not so in pristine condition where both corals and herbivores are in better conditions. Overall, this thesis suggests that habitat complexity can be the key support for coral reef resilience, when it is a strong determinant for herbivore abundance, especially under anthropogenic disturbances.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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