三至八世紀雲南東部的政治關係

本文旨在提出三到八世紀之間，滇池周圍的地域有獨特的歷史意義，以地緣政治與地方行動者的角度，探究此地域人群的政治活動有助於了解雲南早期歷史的發展。嚴耕望、尤中的歷史地理研究指出雲南東部連接四川盆地、紅河平原等地的交通路徑，在三至八世紀之間控制兩地的政權藉由滇池地域與彼此產生密集的互動。從西元前二世紀開始，漢人移民在當地與非漢人群合作，控制當地的人力資源與經濟資源，並作為中國郡縣在當地統治的中間人，史料中稱之為「南中大姓」。郡縣機構、南中大姓與非漢人群是滇池地域存在三種行動者。控制周圍地域的政權將跨地域的競爭關係投射到滇池地域內部的競爭中，而當地的人群也藉其他中國政權的衝突滿足資深利益。三到八世紀之間的政治關係大致依照南中大姓間的政治關係而變化。本文特別對此時期發生的蜀漢南征（223）、晉吳交趾戰爭（265）與晉成漢戰爭對南中大姓的影響進行討論。三、四世紀之間的事件使南中大姓從霍氏、孟氏、爨氏並立的局面轉變成爨氏獨強，而在此之後的記載與出土文獻多半與爨氏集團的活動相關，五世紀中製作的《爨龍顏碑》反應了郡縣機構在該集團主導之下滇池地域的權力分配；八世紀後於四川盆地的《爨子華墓誌銘》則說明了爨氏在周圍的唐、南詔政權的衝突之中失去對於滇池地域的控制。

關鍵字

滇越道；南中大姓；爨氏；爨龍顏碑；爨子華墓誌銘

並列摘要

This thesis aims to study the unique historical meaning of the region surrounding Dian Lake between 3rdand 8th century. By applying geopolitical and local agents theories, this study sheds light on political activities of peoples in this region, which helps to achieve a better understanding of the early history of Yunnan. Historical geography studies conducted by Yan Geng-wang and You Zhong appears to offer insights about routes that connected the neighboring regions of eastern Yunnan, Sichuan Basin and Red River Delta during the said period. The regimes of Sichuan Basin and Red River Delta had intensive interactions with each other through Dian Lake region. Since 2nd century BCE, the Han-Chinese immigrants cooperated with the local non-Han peoples to seize resources, and served as mediator between the local authorities and the Chinese court. They are referred to as “Nanzhong daxing” (Clans of Nanzhong) in historical records. The commandries, the Clans of Nanzhong and the non-Han peoples were three groups of agents in Dian Lake region. The regimes which controlled the neighboring regions of Dian Lake region put their beyond border conflicts into the politics of Dian Lake region. The local non-Chinese also took advantage of the conflicts among other Chinese authorities which were considered outsiders to maximize their own profits. The changes in political relations within Dian Lake region was basically accorded to that within the Clans of Nanzhong. The several events, which are the Southward March of Shu Han (223 CE), the Conflict on Jiaozhi between Jin and Wu (265 CE) and the Wars Between Jin and Cheng Han that happened between 3rd and 4th centuries, brought out the dynamic relation within the Clans of Nanzhong. These events also resulted in the domination of the Cuan Clan over Clans of Hou, Meng and Li which were previous competitors. Historical records and unearthed textual materials dated after the domination of the Cuan Clan are mostly about their activities in this region. The stele of Cuan Long-Yan dated to the middle of the 5th century shows the power allocation of the commandries in Dian Lake region under Cuan’s domination. However, the 8th century-epitaph stone of Cuan Tzu-Hua found at Sichuan Basin reveals the aftermath of Cuan’s decline caused by the conflict between Tang and Nanzhao regimes and the Cuan Clan eventually lost the control of Dian Lake region. The new circumstance in 8th century is the unification of Er Lake in Northeast and Tibet in Northwest, while Tang tried to seek allies to hinder Tibet from expension. The strategies that Clans of Nanzhong used to cope with surrounding powers might be the reason of the Clans of Cuan being tron apart. This is an epilogue of domination of Clans of Cuan and the period which Dian Lake region being at centric statues.