點帶石斑魚養殖池固液態氮排放之研究

Nitrogen Excretion of Epinephelus coioides in Aquaculture pond

王婕(Chieh Wang)

指導教授 ： 侯文祥

國立臺灣大學/生命科學院/漁業科學研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.01190

摘要

點帶石斑魚是台灣常見的養殖魚種，不但具有高經濟價值的特性，也深受國人喜愛。目前台灣養殖石斑魚用水的方式主要為以馬達抽取沿岸海水的大量換水方式，為了減少抽水用電的耗能支出，且降低水源污染風險，考慮設計適宜的循環水系統與水處理設備，而瞭解養殖魚的氮排放速率是首要目標。本實驗以8吋(約300克)的點帶石斑魚作為實驗魚種，實驗地點於宜蘭石斑養殖場，池水量約11公噸。在實驗進行前，先將石斑魚停止餵食兩天後，開始進行空腹6小時的總氮排放速率實驗，實驗開始每1.5小時取池中三位置的水樣與收集固形物，實驗過程不開流水。空腹實驗結束後隔天，開始餵食後24小時的總氮排放速率實驗，實驗過程保持流水狀態，每4小時取樣一次，取池中三位置的水樣與收集固形物。
結果顯示，實驗前，停餵兩天後的池水總氮濃度約6.38±0.45 mg TN/L；其中固態氮1.06±0.28 mg TN/L，液態氮5.77±0.42 mg TAN/L。可知液態氮約為固態氮的5倍，液態氮占84%，固態氮占16%。
點帶石斑魚空腹之平均每小時每公斤的總氮排放速率為36.90 mg TN/kg/h，其固液態氮比例約1.08。而在餵食後24小時實驗，平均每小時每公斤魚重總氮排放速率為22.79 mg TN/kg/h。餵食後的最大的總氮排放速率出現在第4~8個小時。餵食後至少8小時後，總氮累積排放速度才又趨於平緩。而在日夜間的總氮排放速率，在日間的平均總氮濃度變化為1.31 mg TN/kg/h，在夜間的平均總氮排放速率為0.38 mg TN/kg/h，日夜間的排放速率差異約為4倍。可知在日間有光環境點帶石斑魚的總氮排放速率比夜間高，可應用在活魚運輸時，黑暗環境有助於減緩運送過程造成水質惡化。

關鍵字

液態氮 ； 排放速率 ； 氨 ； 點帶石斑魚 ； 固態氮

並列摘要

Grouper are common aquaculture species in Taiwan, not only has the characteristics of high economic value, but also by the people loved. At present, the main way to keep the water clean is to pump a large number of water from coastal waters, in order to reduce pumping electricity energy expenditure and reduce the risk of water pollution, the design of a suitable system and circulating water treatment equipment, and understand the cultured fish nitrogen emission rate is the primary goal.
In this experiment, we use 8 inches (about 300 grams) of grouper fish as experimental. After feeding stop for two days, the fast of total nitrogen excretion includes total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and total ammonia.
The results show, the average of nitrogen excretion rate of fast was 7.16 ± 0.45 mg L-1; wherein the solid nitrogen is 1.06 ± 0.28 mg L-1, liquid nitrogen was 6.09 ± 0.73 mg L-1. the concentrate of solid nitrogen is about 6 times more than liquid nitrogen (TAN), accounting for 85.1% of liquid nitrogen, solid nitrogen 14.9%.
The average of TN emission rate for the fasting is 96.80 mg kg-1h-1, its solid-liquid ratio of 13.38. And 24 hours after the feeding experiments, the average emission rate of total nitrogen was 104.23 ± 82.62 mg kg-1h-1. The maximum emission rate of total nitrogen after feeding occurs in the first 0-4 hours. At least 8 hours after the total nitrogen discharge rate after feeding was also leveled off. Compare the light phase and dark phase, the total nitrogen emission rate of light phase is higher than dark phase, the average total ammonia emission rate of light phase is 4.85 mg L-1 h-1,and the average rate of total ammonia emissions in dark phase is 1.22 mg L-1 h-1. It can be applied when the transport of live fish, dark environment helps slow the delivery process caused by the deterioration of water quality.
In this experiment, the trap as a tool to capture the solids are not only captured feces but also contains mucus from grouper, although it will not be leaving the ammonia dissolved in water concentration increased in short-term, but it is a good breeding place for bacteria and many viruses, so it’s better to remove solid particles effectively, to avoid the breeding of pathogens in water to provide a future reference design and optimization of farming systems.

並列關鍵字

ammonia ； excretion rates ； nitrogen ； Epinephelus coioides ； aquaculture

參考文獻

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