檄樹果實生長發育及抗氧化物質含量變化之研究

Study on Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) Fruit Growth and Variation of Antioxidant Compounds

廖于瑩(Yu-Ying Liao)

指導教授 ： 陳右人

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.01409

摘要

檄樹 (Morinda citrifolia L.)俗稱諾麗，英文俗名noni。因其成熟果實、果汁或果實醱酵後的抗氧能力及抗癌功效而著名。本研究是以調查檄樹果實的發育及其機能成分，了解檄樹果實的生長發育，進而推估出適合採收之時機。
以屏東縣內埔鄉川永生技農場三年生｀印尼種＇檄樹作為材料，進行調查，結果顯示冬夏兩季果實生長所有果實性狀之變化，基本都是呈雙S型果實生長曲線。兩季果實約都在130天左右達最適供加工用之採收期。
檄樹果實內的總多元酚類化合物，於約130天時，含量最為豐富。以HPLC分析果實含東茛菪素、槲皮素及芸香苷。東茛菪素的含量，則是在果實尚處於開花時期時，無法偵測得到，果實上的花序完成開花後，東茛菪素含量才急速上升，達經濟採收時，濃度最高；在本試驗中，無法偵測到槲皮素；芸香苷則是於果實發育初期，尚處於開花階段時期時濃度較高。
周年調查結果發現，檄樹於6月所調查之適採期果實上的開花總數最多，但果實鮮重、乾重及體積卻最低。檄樹果實於7至12月適採期果實的總多元酚含量、芸香苷及東茛菪素含量，都較上半年即1至6月的適採期果實穩定，且芸香苷及東茛菪素含量，都比上半年高。
檄樹果實中的種子具有氣室，使其可以漂浮於水面，與傳播種子有相當密不可分之關係。種子在果實標定後約18週已發育完成，而氣室在果實發育8週時已明顯可見。

關鍵字

檄樹 ； 諾麗 ； 果實 ； 果實生長 ； 總多元酚 ； 東茛菪素 ； 芸香苷

並列摘要

Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) has been known for its antioxidant and anti-cancer activity of fruit, juice or fermented fruit. Observations of analyses of fruit growth and antioxidant compounds gave indications of the best harvest time and season in noni in this study.
Three-year-old 'Indonesia' noni, which planted in Chuang-Yung Biotech Farm in Nei-Pu village of Ping-Dong country, was used. All fruit characteristics in the winter and summer harvest seasons fruits show double sigmoid growth curve during fruits development. The fruits of these two seasons reach the commercial harvest maturity in about 130 days.
The total phenolic compounds content of noni fruits were the highest after labeling 130 days. Scopoletin, quercetin, and rutin contents in fruits were analyzed by HPLC. The scopoletin was undetectable when the noni fruit was under flowering stage. It was detected after flowering finished and the highest in harvest time. The quercetin was underdetected during whole fruit developing stage. The rutin content was the highest when fruits were flowering.
According to the whole year investigation, the number of flowers per fruit was the greatest in June, but the fruit fresh weight, fruit dry weight and fruit volume were the lowest. The fruit of the commercial harvest maturity in July to December had higher and more constant of total phenolic compounds, scopoletin, and rutin content than from January to June.
Noni seed had a distinct air chamber and to be capable of floating on water. That makes seeds easier to dispersal. The seed developed completely after inflorescence in 18 weeks after labeling, and the air chamber was visible after labeled 8 weeks.

並列關鍵字

Morinda citrifolia L. ； Noni ； fruit ； fruit growth ； fruit development ； total phenolic compounds ； scopoletin ； rutin

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