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  • 學位論文

無人載具避障系統設計與路徑規劃

Obstacle Avoidance System Design and Path Planning for An Unmanned Vehicle

指導教授 : 王立昇
共同指導教授 : 張帆人(Fan-Ren Chang)

摘要


本研究旨在整合GPS接收機、電子羅盤、雙眼相機、超音波感測器及動力系統,以發展一套戶外自動導航車系統。該系統包括主控站、參考站及無人載具,無人載具和參考站以GPS訊號進行載波平滑電碼法定位獲得載具位置,無人載具搭載的電子羅盤感測載具目前方位,雙眼相機及超音波感測器負責偵測障礙物,若遭遇障礙物則進行避障,主控站負責監控載具的行為,並以無線網絡和載具交換資訊。 雙眼相機系統部分,本論文採用SRI Stereo Engine的軟體開發介面(API),搭配網格化的概念判定障礙物的位置,並應用快速探索隨機樹規劃避障路徑,避開雙眼相機偵測到的障礙物。超音波感測器部分,由FPGA開發板控制六顆超音波感測器的輸入輸出,並利用規則庫系統針對當下感測到的障礙物資訊推論出載具應有的速度輸出。 針對上述兩項避障模式,本論文設計了一套整合流程,使載具能視當下狀況選擇合適的避障模式,並能在兩模式間來回切換,以適應不同環境。本論文設計了數個實驗驗證各感測器及整合流程的可行性,證明本論文所提出的策略確實可行。

並列摘要


The main purpose of this paper is to integrate GPS recievers, electronical compass, stereo camera, ultrasonic sensors, and dynamic system, developing a PC-based unmanned vehicle system for outdoor navigation. The main system comprises three parts: main station, reference station, and the vehicle. GPS signals received by reference station and vehicle are utilized to determine the position of the vehicle by Carrier Smoothed Code method. Electronical compass senses the heading angle of vehicle. Stereo camera and ultrasonic sensors are employed to detect obstalces, and obstalce-avoiding action is taken if obstacles exist. Main station monitors the motion of the vehicle, and the information is exchanged via wireless network. SRI Stereo Engine(API) and the concept of “grids” are utilized to determine the relative distance between the vehicle and obstalces. Once the positions of obstacles are known, a path along which the vehicle can avoid those obstacles is decided by Rapidly-Exploring Random Tree method. Six ultrasonic sensors are assembled and controlled through FPGA board, and a rule-based system is utilized to deal with the data collected by ultasonic sensor system, determining the corresponding linear velocity and angular velocity output in order to avoid nearby obstacles. An operation flow is developed to integrate these obstacle avoidance modes, making the vehicle choose the proper mode. Besides, the vehicle is able to switch from one mode to another correctly. Experimental results described in this thesis proves that the proposed navigation and control methodolgy are feasible. Keywords: Rapidly-Exploring Random Tree, Obstacle Avoidance for Navigation System.

參考文獻


[8] 吳宣誼,“雙無人載具協同控制與實驗”,台灣大學應用力學研究所碩士論文,中華民國九十四年七月。
[10] 蘇信豪, ”無人載具避障之導航與控制”,台灣大學應用力學研究所碩士論文, 中華民國九十六年七月。
[11] 單幼玫,“無人車雙眼視覺避障系統之設計”, 台灣大學應用力學研究所碩士論文, 中華民國九十八年七月。
[12] 蘇軒儀,“無人載具感測器融合與控制系統設計”,台灣大學應用力學研究所碩士論文,中華民國九十九年七月。
[13] 彭聖霖,“快速探索隨機樹輔助之擬剛體編隊設計”,台灣大學應用力學研究所碩士論文,中華民國九十九年七月。

被引用紀錄


王冠尹(2017)。適應性與啟發式RRT演算法在無人載具導控之應用〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201703139
呂時任(2017)。無人載具之模糊PID控制器設計〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201700069
簡敏琦(2013)。GPS動態定位演算法與無人載具實驗〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.01205
楊淳元(2012)。無人自走車整合設計與實驗〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.01121

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