建築物立體綠化應用於增加室內熱舒適度之數值模擬及實驗

Numerical Simulation and Experiment of the Building Greening System in the Application of Increasing Indoor Thermal Comfort

李君婷(Kuan-Teng Lei)

指導教授 ： 呂良正

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.01501

摘要

建築物立體綠化（Building Greening System）包括綠化屋頂（Green Roof）及綠化壁面（Vertical Greenery）。在建築外殼上建置綠化系統除了可以增加外殼的熱質（Thermal Mass）以阻隔熱流的傳遞外，還可以藉由植物之生理作用所伴隨的熱能釋放幫助建築物散熱，其中尤以蒸散作用（evapo-tranporation）的散熱量最為顯著，加上植物可以消減進入建築外殼之太陽輻射，滅少建築物壁面之受熱量並降低室內溫度。
　　由於當今全球暖化，夏天用電量激增，因此本研究主要探討建築物立體綠化應用於臺灣氣候下之除熱效果，利用商業有限元素軟體ABAQUS在適當假設邊界條件之模型下，分別針對建有綠化屋頂及綠化壁面之建築物作分析，並以實際建築物中進行實驗，探討綠化系統實際應用的效果，同時驗證本研究所建立之數值分析模型。
　　在確定分析模型之合理性及準確性後，本研究再進一步利用數值分析的方法，探討建築物立體綠化在臺灣氣候下對於建築物之夏日空調耗電量及室內熱舒適度之改善效果，並與一般隔熱材料（EPS）作比較。

關鍵字

建築物 ； 立體綠化 ； 綠化屋頂 ； 綠化壁面 ； 葉面積指標 ； 節能 ； 熱舒適

並列摘要

Building Greening System includes Green Roof and Vertical Greenery. Constructing greening system on building envelope would increase its thermal mass, and therefore retard the heat transfer process through the envelope. Besides, the physiological effects of plant associate with heat release, which would help cooling the building, and the heat dissipation of evapo-transporation process is the most significant. Moreover, the solar radiation entering building envelope would be abated by the plants, and therefore reducing the thermal effect in building structures.
　　Because of the effect of global warming, the electricity consumption in summer has been increasing rapidly. Therefore this research mainly discusses the building greening system in the application to eliminate the thermal effect in building structures. Using commercial finite element software ABAQUS to simulate with the model of well designed proper boundary conditions. Meanwhile, field experiments on cases of green roof and vertical greenery are also conducted in order to find out the actual benefit of both building greening system, and to verify the mathmetical model established in this research.
　　After the model is justified, the effect of Building Greening System applied to buildings in Taiwan’s climate is discussed. The effect is regarding to the Power Consumption Index (PCI) and Predicted Mean Vote Index (PMVI), which are defined in this thesis. The effect of general insulation material (EPS) is also discussed in order to compare with the Building Greening System.

並列關鍵字

Building ； Greening Systen ； Green Roof ； Vertical Greenery ； Leaf Area Index (LAI) ； Energy conservation

參考文獻

吳昇威. （2010）. "相變材料應用於增加室內熱舒適度之數值模擬". 國立臺灣大學工學院土木工程學系碩士論文

Chi Feng, Qinglin Meng, Yufeng Zhang. （2010）. "Theoretical and experimental analysis of the energy balance of extensive green roofs". Energy and Buildings, Vol. 42, pp. 959-965.

Dirk Raes, Luis S. Pereira, Martin Smith, Richard G. Allen, FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome. （1998）. "Grop evapotraspiration – Guidelines for compution crop water requirements". FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56.

E.A. Eumorfopoulou, K.J. Kontoleon.　（2009）. "Experimental approach to the contribution of plant-covered walls to the thermal behaviour of building envelopes". Building and Environment, Vol. 44, pp. 1024-1038.

E.A. Eumorfopoulou, K.J. Kontoleon. （2010）. "The effect of the orientation and proportion of a plant-covered wall layer on the thermal performance of a building zone". Building and Environment, vol. 45, pp. 1287-1303.