根砧與預施氯化鈣對西瓜淹水期間生理之影響

The Effect of Rootstock and Pretreating Calcium Chloride on the Physiology of Watermelon during Waterlogging

林旻翰(Min-Han Lin)

指導教授 ： 楊雯如 ； 羅筱鳳

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.01564

摘要

西瓜(Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai)為暖季蔬菜，在臺灣適合夏季栽培，但颱風豪雨影響其生長發育與產量。本研究探討以西瓜‘勇士’與南瓜‘壯士’為根砧及預施氯化鈣能否改善西瓜‘甜美人’葉片光系統II (photosystem II)之最大光效能(maximum photochemical efficiency, Fv/Fm)、葉綠素計SPAD讀值和超氧歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、過氧化氫酶(catalase, CAT)、抗壞血酸過氧化酶(ascorbate peroxidase, APX)與穀胱甘肽還原酶(glutathione reductase, GR)的活性。在民國99年7月至100年6月期間，於國立臺灣大學生物資源暨農學院附設農業試驗場園藝分場溫室進行3次苗期淹水試驗。‘甜美人’嫁接於‘勇士’及‘壯士’可改善淹水後之葉片SPAD值。‘甜美人’實生苗與其‘勇士’嫁接苗在淹水3天時葉片Fv/Fm下降，而淹水前3天外施400 ppm CaCl2可使其下降時間延至排水後1天，使‘壯士’實生苗葉片SPAD值與Fv/Fm值下降時間分別延後1與2天，使‘甜美人’嫁接‘壯士’苗於淹水第2天下降之Fv/Fm值在次日即恢復。故以‘勇士’為根砧，並於淹水前3天外施400 ppm CaCl2，可降低淹水對西瓜‘甜美人’嫁接苗葉片SPAD與Fv/Fm之負面影響。淹水誘導‘甜美人’實生苗之抗氧化酵素APX活性下降，‘甜美人’嫁接於‘壯士’或淹水前1天外施200 ppm和400 ppm CaCl2皆可改善淹水時之APX活性。

關鍵字

西瓜 ； 嫁接 ； 鈣 ； 淹水 ； 抗氧化酵素

並列摘要

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai) is a warm-season vegetable. In Taiwan, watermelon is suitable for growing in summer. But waterlogging resulted by typhoon and heavy rainfall is one of the restrictions to watermelon yield in summer. This research aimed if grafting onto watermelon ‘Knight’ and squash ‘Strong Man’ and pretreating calcium chloride could improved the SPAD value, photosystem II maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and the activities of antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) in leaves of watermelon ‘Sweet Beauty’ during 3 days of waterlogging followed by 1 or 2 days of drainage. During July 2010 through June 2011, three waterlogging experiments of watermelon seedlings were conducted in the greenhouse of Experimental Farm, College of Bio-resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University. Grafting of ‘Sweet Beauty’ onto two rootstocks improved the SPAD value after waterlogging. On waterlogging day 3, the Fv/Fm in ‘Sweet Beauty’ and ‘Sweet Beauty’/‘Knight’ (scion/stock) seedlings decreased. Pretreating 400 ppm CaCl2 on 3 days before waterlogging delayed this decrease of Fv/Fm until drainage day 1. The decreases of SPAD and Fv/Fm values in ‘Strong Man’ seedling were delayed for 1 and 2 days, respectively. The Fv/Fm in ‘Sweet Beauty’/‘Strong Man’ seedling was also decreased on waterlogging day 2 and recovered in the next day. Therefore, pretreating 400 ppm CaCl2 on 3 days before waterlogging could decrease the unfavorable waterlogging effect on SPAD and Fv/Fm values in ‘Sweet Beauty’/‘Knight’ seedling. Waterlogging increased APX activity in ‘Sweet Beauty’. Pretreating 200 ppm or 400 ppm CaCl2 on one day before waterlogging, or grafting onto ‘Knight’ and ‘Strong Man’ improved the APX activity during waterlogging.

並列關鍵字

watermelon ； graft ； calcium ； waterlogging ； antioxidative enzyme

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