農地搬運車安全性之電腦模擬

Computer Simulation of the Safety of an Agricultural Transporter

黃楷中(Kai-Chung Huang)

指導教授 ： 葉仲基

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/生物產業機電工程學研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.01344

摘要

農地搬運車為本土產業自主研發與成功製造的農機之一，主要作業為運輸農用物品及收成後之農穫物，因其良好的地形適應能力，廣受農民之喜愛，也著實減輕了農民的農務辛勞。
　　近年來台灣的農業工作環境已有很大的改變，許多農用機械效能皆有所提升，因此農地搬運車無論是載貨容量或馬力輸出方面都有不同於以往的需求，在市場所趨之下，至今農機廠商亦有發展相關技術可提供製造工作效能更高的農地搬運車，而此高效能之農地搬運車其安全性是否無慮？實屬有關農民生命安全的重要議題。
　　本研究是以ADAMS/Car此款電腦輔助工程軟體為研究工具，利用該軟體建立農地搬運車之全車運動模型並進行模擬分析，其車輛規格依照國內廠商共同提供資料並參與討論所得。實驗中搬運車之最高限速為20 km/h，其配載引擎之馬力依19hp / 21.5hp / 23hp三種規格進行動態模擬，載貨台模擬1200kg / 2400kg / 3600kg之載重，並使用不同的虛擬路面。模擬內容參考農地搬運車性能測定之內文，包括剎車距離、最小轉彎半徑、平地與坡地試驗等，觀察其模擬結果，並與實車測試結果相比較。
　　模擬結果顯示剎車距離主要由載貨量影響。空車與載貨量1200kg、2400kg時，皆符合農地搬運車性能測驗之標準，唯當載貨超過3600kg時容易超出規定值。此外，最小轉彎半徑為6.41至6.50公尺，轉彎性能良好。進行坡地模擬時，使搬運車停駐於15度坡地之車體重心維持穩定無滑移、再次啟動亦無礙。意即此款擁有大載貨量能力與較大引擎馬力之農地搬運車，其模擬測試之安全性能均能符合農地搬運車性能測定標準，且在正常操控下行經平地、坡地、障礙路面時均無翻覆之虞。

關鍵字

農地搬運車 ； ADAMS軟體 ； 車輛安全 ； 馬力 ； 載重量

並列摘要

The agricultural transporter is one kind of agricultural machinery successfully developed and made by local manufacturers. Its major function is to carry farm crops, goods, and products. Due to its great adaptability to terrain, it is very popular with farmers. Moreover, it undoubtedly reduces the human labor in agriculture tasks.
In recent years, there have been dramatic changes to our agricultural environment. The performance of agricultural machinery has improved considerably, and the power and carrying capacity requirements of agricultural transporters are not the same as before. Due to the demand of the market, agricultural transporters with high working capacity have been successfully developed and manufactured. However, whether these new types of agricultural transporter are really safe will become a significant issue.
In this study, a Computer-Aided Engineering software named ADAMS is used as a research tool. By means of ADAMS, a multi-body system model of an agricultural transporter can be built to simulate its motion. The relevant vehicle specifications are provided by local manufacturers. In the simulation, the maximum speed of the vehicle is limited to 20 km/h. The power of the engine is classified as 19hp / 21.5hp / 23hp to obtain the dynamic simulation, and the capacity of the loading platform is grouped into 1200kg / 2400kg / 3600kg. Moreover, various simulated roads are selected. The simulation parameters include braking distance, minimum turning radius, and tests in even/sloping fields, which are according to the regulation of the Performance Test of Agricultural Transporters. Therefore, we can observe the results after the simulation and compare these with real field tests.
The results from the simulation show the weight of loading greatly affects braking distance. Agricultural transporters without loading and loading with 1200kg and 2400kg on platform can meet the requirement of the regulation of the Performance Test of Agricultural Transporters. Only in the situation of a loading weight over 3600kg, will it exceed the specified value. Further, the minimum turning radius is in the range of 6.41 to 6.50 meters from the simulation, meaning the turning performance is acceptable. For the simulation of the sloping field test, the vehicle can halt on a 15-degree ramp and the center of gravity of the vehicle remains stable without slippage. Besides, the transporter can restart again smoothly. In conclusion, the simulated tests show the safety performance of an agricultural transporter with high carrying capacity and a high-powered engine can still meet the requirements of the regulation of the Performance Test of Agricultural Transporters. In addition, when this transporter operates on even ground, a sloping field or rugged road, the chance of rollover is almost nil.

並列關鍵字

Agricultural Transporter ； ADAMS Sofware ； Vehicle Safety ； Power ； Carrying Capacity

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