- 學位論文
聚甲基丙烯酸羥基乙酯表面接枝於聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯其抗菌貼附之研究
Poly(2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) Grafting on Poly(methylmethacrylate) to Prevent Bacteria Adhesion
摘要
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA) 非常廣泛地應用在牙科臨床治療，例如義齒基材，臨時假牙修復物,牙科矯正維持器等，人類口腔環境微生物眾多且繁雜,而材料表面經常暴露於口腔內，加上飲食提供微生物養分，促使細菌或真菌貼附於材料表面，不斷堆積形成生物膜，導致牙齒齲齒和牙周病等。 高分子材料做為醫用時需具備一些特定的功能性質。通常能否做為醫用材料取決於材料本身的生物相容性。多數高分子材料都能具備作為生物材料所必需的機械性質和無毒性等化學性質。以表面改質的方式改良高分子材料，其研發週期較短，是目前改善醫用高分子生物相容性的主流走向。 本論文我們將聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(Polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA)進行表面改質，包括化學接枝法【聚2-甲基丙烯酸羥基乙酯Poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), PHEMA】及電漿接枝法【聚乙二醇異丁烯酸(Polyethylene glycol methacrylate, PEGMA)】進行表面處理，探討基材表面改質後對抗細菌貼附影響的情形。藉由傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀(FTIR)、X射線電子光譜儀(XPS)、接觸角(Contact angle)、微細形狀測定機(Surfcorder)分析接枝後表面官能基、化學鍵結、親疏水性及粗糙度。 藉由薄膜界面電位分析儀探討聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)及表面接枝聚2-甲基丙烯酸羥基乙酯之聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA-PHEMA)表面電位影響細菌貼附情形；生物相容性評估使用人類牙齦纖維細胞(Human gingival fibroblasts, HGF)採用MTT法檢測細胞活性測試。細菌實驗則分為細菌直接接觸實驗及抗細菌貼附實驗，而抗細菌貼附實驗又分為蛋白質貼附之細菌實驗及延長貼附時間的細菌實驗，來分析接枝後材料是否對細菌有抑菌或殺菌作用，以及材料表面是否能有抗細菌貼附的效用。 結果顯示接枝上PHEMA的PMMA親水性增加，且貼附上接枝後材料表面的細菌相對減少，且不會對細菌產生殺菌或抑菌，而PMMA-PHEMA的表面電位比PMMA較為帶負電，因細菌的胞外膜為負電，能使其材料表面與細菌外膜有相斥的作用而達到細菌比較難以貼附的作用。MTT也看出PMMA-PHEMA有良好的生物相容性，故接枝PHEMA至PMMA上比原材料較有抗細菌貼附的效果。
並列摘要
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used in clinical treatments in dentistry, e.g. denture base materials, temporary restoration, and orthodontic appliances. There are a wide variety of microbes in the oral cavity. As the surfaces of prostheses are exposed in the oral cavity, with nutrition from daily diet, bacteria and fungi are induced to adhere on surfaces of prostheses. Under accumulation, microbes form biofilms, which contribute to dental caries and periodontal diseases. In clinical appliance, a specific set of functional properties are required for a polymeric material. Usually, it depends on biocompatibility of a material whether the material is qualified for medical use. Most polymeric materials are nontoxic and have sufficient mechanical properties to be biological materials. Surface modification is the mainstream method to improve polymeric materials due to its short development cycle. In this research, we modified surfaces of PMMA, including chemical grafting poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and plasma grafting polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA), to study how surface modification affects bacterial adhesion. Functional groups, chemical bonds, hydrophilicity, and roughness on the surfaces were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle, and Surfcorder respectively. Furthermore, how zeta potential affects bacterial adhesion on PMMA and PMMA-PHEMA was studied. Biocompatibility of the modified samples of the human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) was evaluated by cell viability test with MTT assay. To analyze if the grafted materials are antibacterial, direct contact and bacteria adhesion tests were performed. Results indicated that PMMA grafted with PHEMA shows increased hydrophilicity with decreased adhered bacteria while not killing nor inhibiting growth of bacteria. Besides, surfaces of PMMA-PHEMA are more negatively charged, which repells bacteria because their outer membrane is also negatively charged. MTT assay also showed better biocompatibility on PMMA-PHEMA. Therefore, we proved that grafting PHEMA onto PMMA prevents bacterial adhesion compared with PMMA only.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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