邁向生態農業—臺灣稻鴨共生之案例調查與分析

環保意識的抬頭促使農業觀念的改變，各國相繼提出生態農業概念來尋求永續經營的農業生產方式。在臺灣，嚴重的食安問題讓消費者與生產者開始對現行耕作方式進行反思。各地試圖以友善環境的稻鴨共生農法，彌補以往慣行農法對人體和土地的傷害，至今已具有一定的成果，其經驗可作為未來生態農業推廣之參考。因此，本研究透過多個臺灣稻鴨共生的案例，瞭解稻鴨共生的發展過程以及運作模式，並進一步以方法目的鏈之架構概念歸納出影響臺灣稻鴨共生實踐之重要因素。研究結果發現，個人與環境屬性（鴨隻資源、道德動機）、實踐結果（銷售通路與品牌、生態維護）、及生態農業價值（環境價值）是臺灣稻鴨共生實踐的重要因素。本研究建議稻鴨共生的實施應積極推行自有品牌來增加識別度與競爭力。建議輔導單位協助生態農業知識技術的輔導，並強化推廣食農教育知識。

關鍵字

生態農業；稻鴨共生；方法目的鏈

並列摘要

The rising of environmental protection conscious leads to Agroecology to pursue sustainable farming systems. In Taiwan, a series of serious food safety issues made consumers and producers to introspect present farming system. Farmers try to adopt the Rice-Duck Farming System to reduce the damage of conventional farming to environment worldwide. Their experiences can be used as a reference for future agricultural community promotion and management. This study investigated the development process and model of Rice-Duck Farming practice using five case studies. This study also has adopted the Means-End Chain method to analyze the data which to explore the important factors of Rice-Duck Farming system practice in Taiwan. Results indicated that personal and environmental attributes (entrepreneurial resources, practical motivation and knowledge assets), practical consequences (breeding technology, sales strategy, diversified management, mutual assistance and external environment) and values (environmental, economic, social values), were important determinants of Rice-Duck Farming practice. After then presenting the results, we conclude with the farmer who adopting the Rice-Duck farming system should build his own brand and set up the brand identity to improve the competitiveness. We also conclude some policy implications, including the lessons of technical assistance, and mass education promotions.