3D列印在數位製造的競爭策略探討

On Competitive Strategy of 3D Printing for Digital Manufacturing

陳建龍(Chien-Lung Chen)

指導教授 ： 曹承礎

國立臺灣大學/管理學院/資訊管理組/碩士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201600368

摘要

在歐美工業大國揮舞「第三次工業革命」大旗，以3D列印技術為核心概念，推動「再工業化」以引導製造業回歸本土，不僅為復甦製造業等實體經濟創造就業機會，更是為鞏固其全球產業主導地位與永續發展等目的，面對3D列印技術的快速發展趨勢，全球的製造業將遭受巨大的衝擊，尤其是台灣的中小型ODM/OEM代工產業。
本文將以多功能事務機的ODM/OEM代工產業中的T公司為研究標的，在文獻探討中引用麥可•波特提出的三個核心模型：五力分析、企業價值鏈分析與基本競爭策略選擇以及SWOT分析作為產業競爭策略分析的基本架構，並針對國內外3D列印技術在數位製造相關應用，進行資料的分析與整理，以瞭解目前3D列印技術在數位製造的應用趨勢及面臨問題。
也以個案研究的方式，探討T公司佈局3D列印技術在數位製造的競爭策略，以五力分析來探討3D列印產業的外部競爭態勢，用企業價值鏈分析檢視企業本身可創造的價值，藉由SWOT分析找出3D列印產業的發展機會、面臨的威脅以及企業本身的優劣勢，並以基本競爭策略選擇歸納出可採取的競爭策略，希望能建立企業新的資源與能力，來面對數位製造的危機與轉機，盼有助於相關產業提早布局搶得先機。
研究的結語也將對於智慧製造相關衍生議題，提供建議的研究方向。

關鍵字

3D列印 ； 積層製造 ； 數位製造 ； 競爭策略 ； 五力分析 ； 價值鏈 ； SWOT分析 ； 基本競爭策略

並列摘要

As Europe and US industrial powers waving "The third industrial revolution" big flag, use 3D printing technology for core concept, promoted "Reindustrialization" to guide manufacturing return domestic, not only for recovery manufacturing, stimulate the entity economic to create employment opportunities, more is for consolidation its global industry leadership and sustainable development. Face 3D printing technology of fast development trend, global of manufacturing will suffered huge impact, especially small and medium ODM/OEM service providers of Taiwan.
This thesis will use company T a Multi-Function Peripheral ODM/OEM service provider as case study target, in literature discussion use Michael E. Porter proposed three core analysis models: Five force analysis, Value chain analysis and Generic Competitive Strategies plus SWOT analysis as basic schema of industry competition strategies analysis. Explore global 3D print technology in digital manufacturing related application, to understand the application trend and faced problem of cutting edge 3D print technology in digital manufacturing.
Through case study, try to find out the competition strategies for company T to enter 3D printing industry in digital manufacturing, use five force analysis to discussion competition situation of 3D printing industry, with value chain analysis to see what value added can be created, through SWOT analysis to find out the opportunities, threat, strength and weakness, and summarize with generic competition strategies. Hope to establish a reference for allocation of resources and capacity, to overcome the crisis and opportunity of future manufacturing.
At end of this thesis will also suggest derivative research topics which related with smart manufacturing. The industry 4.0 will be the future direction of digital manufacturing.

並列關鍵字

3D Printing ； Additive Manufacturing ； Digital Manufacturing ； Five forces analysis ； Value Chain ； SWOT analysis ； Generic Competitive Strategies

參考文獻

3. 陳柏蓉，2014，消費者與製造者的界線一淺談3D到印將如何影響現有製造業生產與消費模式，台灣經濟研究月刊，第37卷第3期103年3月

14. Wohlers, 2015, Wohlers Report 2015 – 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing State of the Industry, Annual Worldwide Progress Report. Wohlers Associates.

17. PwC, 2014, 3D printing and the new shape of industrial manufacturing. PwC

1. 周旭華譯，1998，競爭策略-產業環境及競爭者分析(第1版) ，台北：天下文化出版。Porter, M. E. 1980. Competitive Strategy – Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. New York, NY: The Free Press.

2. 李明軒與邱如美譯，2010，競爭優勢，台北：天下文化出版。Porter, M. E. 1985, Competitive Advantage—Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. New York, NY: The Free Press.