泥炭苔作為共生真菌接種源促進兔眼藍莓(Vaccinium virgatum Aiton)扦插苗之生長

Peat Moss as an Inoculum of Symbiotic Fungi Promoted the Growth in Rabbiteye Blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum Aiton) Cuttings

李育全(Yu-Chuan Li)

指導教授 ： 李國譚

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝暨景觀學系/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202001551

摘要

芬蘭進口之酸性泥炭苔為臺灣種植兔眼藍莓(Vaccinium virgatum Ait.)常用之栽培介質，除具有降低介質pH值之功能外，其商品標示指出，介質中含有天然微生物，可以促進養分利用。本論文調查以芬蘭酸性泥炭苔栽培的兔眼藍莓盆苗，根系共生真菌侵染型態及侵染率，評估泥炭苔內之真菌種類及兔眼藍莓品種與共生真菌之專一性，並進一步探討芬蘭泥炭苔所含之共生真菌對兔眼藍莓幼苗生長之影響，以及肥料種類對共生真菌侵染率之影響。
　　試驗一調查以芬蘭酸性泥炭苔為介質之十個兔眼藍莓品種盆苗，根部內真菌侵染型態及侵染率。所有品種皆同時有杜鵑花類菌根菌(ericoid mycorrhizal fungi, EMF)及暗色隔膜內生菌(dark septate endophytes, DSE)兩類真菌共生，其中‘Austin’之總侵染頻率及強度最低；‘NTU-104’總侵染頻率最高，而‘Climax’總侵染強度最高，結果顯示芬蘭酸性泥炭苔可做為EMF及DSE之接種源。又根據真菌侵染型態及泥炭地可能所含真菌之文獻推測，泥炭苔中EMF應為Rhyzoscyphus ericae、Oidiodendron maius 或Meliniomyces variabilis，DSE應為Phialocephala fortinii。
　　試驗二使用兔眼藍莓‘NTU-104’扦插苗作為植物材料，將已產生癒傷組織但尚未發根之扦插枝條分別種植於滅菌(sterilized peat mosses, SP)或未滅菌(unsterilized peat mosses, UP)之含泥炭苔介質中，調查扦插苗之營養生長勢、植體元素含量及濃度、介質pH值及EC值。扦插四個月後，UP組植株具較高真菌侵染率及植體元素含量，以及較佳之植株生長勢；介質可溶性養分含量較高且pH值較低。結果證明使用天然芬蘭酸性泥炭苔作為接種源，可以使兔眼藍莓扦插幼苗與EMF及DSE共生，並促進幼苗之生長。
　　試驗三使用含芬蘭泥炭苔介質栽培之兔眼藍莓‘NTU-104’盆苗，以有機肥料(organic fertilizer, OF)、控釋型肥料(control-released fertilizer, CF)及即溶複合肥料(instant compound fertilizer, IF)進行不同之施肥處理。試驗結束時，CF植株的營養生長狀況較IF及OF植株佳。所有植株在施肥處理60日後，共生真菌之侵染率皆大幅降低。OF、CF及IF介質平均pH值分別為4.47、4.33和4.31。OF、CF及IF介質平均EC值分別為149.53、227.40和286.69 μS·cm-1。推測兔眼藍莓移植至田間栽培後，宿主真菌專一性、栽培方式、環境條件及真菌適應力皆可能為導致真菌侵染率下降之原因。

關鍵字

泥炭苔 ； 杜鵑花類菌根菌 ； 暗色隔膜內生菌 ； 專一性 ； 真菌侵染率 ； 營養生長 ； 植體元素含量 ； 有機肥料 ； 化學肥料

並列摘要

In Taiwan, native Finnish peat mosses are a recommended subtrate to lower the substrate acidity for growing blueberries (Vaccinium spp.). In addition, beneficial microbes in the peat mosse as labeled on the commercial product may also promote plant growth. In this thesis, the fungal colonization morphology and colonization rate of rabbiteye blueberries (V. virgatum Ait.) cultivated with native Finnish peat mosses were investigated to document fungal types and fungus-host specificity. This thesis also tested the effect of using native Finnish peat mosses as inoculum on the growth of rabbiteye blueberry cuttings, and the effect of different fertilization treatments on symbiotic fungal colonization.
　　In experiment one, fungal colonization morphology and clolonization rates of ten blueberry cultivars were investigated. All investigated cultivars were colonized by ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE). Total colonization frequency and intensity in ‘Austin’ were the lowest among the tested cultivars; Total colonization frequency of ‘NTU-104’ was the highest; Total colonization intensity of ‘Climax’ was the highest. The result indicates that Finnish native peat mosses are efficient symbiotic fungal inoculum of EMF and DSE. Based on the fungal colonization morphology and the literatures about possible fungi in peatlands, the EMF in Finnish peat mosses could be Rhyzoscyphus ericae, Oidiodendron maius or Meliniomyces variabilis. The DSE could be Phialocephala fortinii.
　　In experiment two, rabbiteye blueberry ‘NTU-104’ cuttings with callus formed were tranplanted to either sterilized (SP) or unsterilized (UP) medium containing peat mosses. Vegetative growth, plant element content and concentration, medium pH and EC were investigated. Four months after transplating, higher total colonization rates, plant element contents, and greater vegetative growth was recorded in UP plants than in SP plants. UP medium had higher soluble nutrient content but lower pH then SP medium. The results indicated that native Finnish peat moss as a symbiotic fungi inoculum was capable of colonizing and promoting vegetative growth in rabbiteye blueberry cuttings.
　　In experiment three, rabbiteye blueberry ‘NTU-104’ cultivated in subtrate containing Finnish peat moss were subjected to three fertilization treatments, organic fertilizer (OF), control-released fertilizer (CF) and instant compound fertilizer (IF). By the end of the experiment period, CF plants had better vegetative growth than IF and OF plants. The fungal colonization rates of all treatments declined substantially at 60 days after fertilization treatment. The value of subtrate pH of OF, CF and IF was 4.47, 4.33 and 4.31, respectively, and the EC of OF, CF and IF medium was 149.53, 227.40, and 286.69 μS·cm-1, repectively. The host-fungus specificity, cultivation mode, environmental conditions, and adaptability of fungi might be the reasons that causing low fungal clonization rate after transplanting.

並列關鍵字

peat mosses ； ericoid mycorrhizal fungi ； dark septate endophytes ； specificity ； fungal colonization rate ； vegetative growth ； plant element content ； organic fertilizer ； chemical fertilizer

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