網際網路對學者合著與對文章影響力之效應

The Effect of the Internet on Co-authorship Among Researchers and on the Impact of Publications

吳沂蓁(Yi-Chen Wu)

指導教授 ： 吳玲玲

共同指導教授 ： 黃慕萱

國立臺灣大學/管理學院/資訊管理學研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2011.01552

摘要

本研究使用次級資料分析，觀察發表在48種資訊管理領域期刊的文章，在1981至1985以及2006至2010年的合著情形與文章影響力，借此了解網際網路對於合著的效應，以及合著對於文章影響力的效應。我們認為網際網路的興起，可以降低學者合作的溝通成本，進而增進學術合作，帶動學者之間合著的提升，因為網際網路能夠降低時空的限制，學者之間可以透過多媒體傳輸資料和交換訊息，另外學者也可以同時進行多方溝通。此外，我們認為合著的提升會進一步增加文章的影響力，因為學者透過合作可以得到更多的研究資源、並且互相討論意見，甚至一起分擔研究帶來的負擔。
為了驗證我們提出的假設，我們首先收集1981至1985以及2006至2010年、發表在48種資訊管理領域期刊的文章， 藉以觀察網際網路前後的合著變化；接著我們辨別這些文章的第一作者和通訊作者，並且進行作者的抽樣；最後我們收集這些抽樣作者發表的文章，收集抽樣作者於1981至1985以及2006至2010年、發表在資訊管理領域期刊的文章，此4,130篇文章即為本研究觀察的資料。
我們將1981至1985定義為網際網路前，2006至2010年定義為網際網路後，以文章作者數、領域數、和國家數三個變數來觀察合著的情形，並且以文章的被引次數來觀察文章的影響力。
研究結果發現，網際網路興起後，多位作者合著的文章提昇了41.67%，不同領域合著的文章提昇了18.92%，而不同國家合著的文章提昇了16.23%，而且文章的合著顯著地提昇，我們使用t檢定，發現文章的合著作者數從1.64顯著提昇為2.76，合著領域數從1.14顯著提昇至1.36，合著國家數則從1.07顯著提昇至1.27。此結果支持我們的假設，我們發現網際網路會影響合著的情形，在網際網路後的合著顯著高於網際網路前。接著，我們使用t檢定檢視合著對於文章影響力效應，發覺多個作者和多個國家合著的文章，其文章影響力顯著地高於單一作者和單一國家所著的文章，然而多個領域合著和單一領域著作的文章，其文章影響力則沒有顯著地差異，此研究結果部分支持合著會增加文章的影響力。多個領域合著之所以對文章影響力沒有顯著地效應，可能的原因是，不同領域的合著容易造成新的研究議題產生，而新的研究議題需要時間的累積，才有可能會被其他學者注意到，是以文章影響力沒有顯著地提昇。最後，我們使用迴歸法檢視合著的中介效應，結果發現合著會部分中介網際網路對於文章影響力的效應，導致網際網路後的文章影響力顯著高於網際網路前。
本研究的結論是，學者可以透過使用網際網路，增進與其他學者的互動，進而提昇學者之間的合著，並且透過多位學者和多位不同國家的學者合著，進一步提昇文章的影響力。

關鍵字

網際網路 ； 合作 ； 合著 ； 資管領域 ； 文章影響力

並列摘要

This study used secondary data analysis to observe co-authorship and the impact of publications in 48 information systems journals published in two periods of 1981-1985 and 2006-2010. We wanted to examine the effect of the Internet on co-authorship and the effect of co-authorship on the impact of publications. We hypothesized that the advent of the Internet increased co-authorship among scholars because the Internet decreased communication cost among scholars. The Internet helped to loosen the constraints of time and space. Scholars could use multimedia to exchange data and information. Besides, scholars could communicate with many scholars at the same time. We also hypothesized that co-authorship increased the impact of publicatios because scholars could have more research resources through collaborations. Scholars could exchange ideas and share the burdens in researches.
To examine the hypotheses, we first collected 48 information systems journals articles published in 1981-1985 and 2006-2010. Next, we indentified the first authors and the reprint authors of these articles, and sampled the authors. Last, we collected the publications of these sampled authors. The articles were confined to 48 information systems journals and were published in 1981-1985 and 2006-2010. We observed the 4,130 articles in this study.
We defined 1981-1985 as pre-web and 2006-2010 as post-web. Number of authors, number of fields, and number of countries of articles were used to observe co-authorship. Citations received by articles were used to measure the impact of publications.
We found that after the advent of the Internet, multiple-authors articles increased 41.6%, multiple-fields articles increased 18.92%, and multiple-countries articles increased 16.23%. Co-authorship significantly increased. We used t test to examine the effect of the Internet on co-authorship and found the average number of authors significantly increased from 1.64 to 2.76, the average number of fields significantly increased from 1.14 to 1.36, and the average number of countries significantly increased from 1.07 to 1.27. The result supported our hypothesis that the Internet affected co-authorship such that co-authorship increased in post-web that in pre-web.
We also used t test to examine the effect of co-authorship on the impact of publications. We found multiple-authors and multiple-countries articles had larger citations received than single-author and single-country articles, while multiple-fields articles and single-field articles had no significant differences for citations received. This result partially supported the hypothesis that co-authorship had positive effect on the impact of publications. The reason why multiple-fields articles had no larger citations received may be the factor that colaborated authors in different fields easily produced new research topics. New research topics required time to attract attentions and thus the impact of publications did not significantly increased. Last, we used regression method to examine the mediation effect of co-authorship. We found co-authorship partially mediated the effect of the Internet on the citations received, such that citations received were significantly larger in post-web than in pre-web.
In this study, we found that scholars could use the Internet to increase the interactions with others and thus increase the co-authorship among scholars. We also found that scholars could increase the impact of publications through collaborating with many scholars and many scholars affiliated in different countries.

並列關鍵字

Internet ； Collaborations ； Co-authorship ； Information Systems Research ； Impact of Publications

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