家的建構與文化變遷:以太魯閣族聚落為例

The construction of household and curtrual change: A study in a truku village

曹秋琴(Chiu-Chin Tsao)

指導教授 ： 王梅霞

國立臺灣大學/文學院/人類學研究所/博士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201602781

摘要

太魯閣人家戶運作，強調以男性、父子血緣關係是作為家的核心結構，而家戶女性的身分角色則是建立在遵行gaya禁忌/性別禁忌/規範，讓男女兩性分別處於不同社會機制及身分建構。因此本論文先從gaya/utux文化象徵對於親屬、血緣、性別、居住等性質，以解釋gaya/utux文化象徵對於家及親屬關係的日常建構。從在地知識切入來解釋聚落家戶、親屬關係的建構，而關注在生殖、餵養(feeding)、dara(血)、gaya儀式及遵行gaya禁忌等，藉由聚落日常生活的親屬實作及儀式來論述親屬、家戶的建構。聚落gaya文化象徵的特性，強調女性必須遵行gaya規範/禁忌(taboo)的社會文化機制，強化婦女身分的建構，但男性的常以dara(血)作為身分的概念，所以dara(血)的在地知識，逐漸成為家的延續及親屬文化的重要象徵，讓gaya/utux與dara(血)逐漸成為聚落親屬認同的核心。

筆者透過田野調查，論述聚落1970-1990年代前後，聚落人群流動，影響對於親屬關係建構的影響，並藉由案例說明親屬關係及共守忌文化的世代變化，特別是家戶居住的生態及移工流動的生活特性，讓家戶走向區域性及個別化生活模式，讓不同區域各自發展對於gaya/utux文化象徵及規範。聚落在2003年開始，國家藉由非營利組之建構聚落家戶親子關係及功能，因此非營利組織工作者執行家戶符合國家意識形態，形成一種新關係形式，筆者希望藉由家的建構與親屬的在地知識，增加非營利組織工作者的文化敏感度。

關鍵字

禁忌 ； 世代差異 ； 非營利組織 ； 親屬 ； 性別角色

並列摘要

The operation of the Truku household is based on the patriarchy which foregrounds the male gender and partrilineage. In this sense, men predominate over the household, whereas women must obey the gender taboos of gaya which regulate their behavior. In other words, men and women not only occupy different social positions, but are also endowed with different identities.This study explores the influence of gaya/utux on the relatives, kinship, gender and residence and thereby explain how the cultural symbols of gaya/utux get involved in the construction of household and kinship. Besides, through the gathering of local knowledge and the interpretation of tribal daily life, practices and rituals, the understanding is also gained about the construction of tribal household and kinship. In the meantime, the main focus is laid on breeding, feeding, dara, gaya and the obedience of gaya. Gaya predominately regulates women’s behavior, while men’s identity is based on the concept of dara/blood. As a result, dara is a significant symbol for the kinship and the continuation of household. Accordingly, gaya/utux and dara/blood have become the core of the identification with tribal kinship.
Through the field study, the researcher explores how the tribal population movements influence the construction of kinship between 1970 to 1990. Meanwhile, through the case study, and the changes in the kinship, as well as in tribal taboos between generations, will be expounded. Especially, the ecosystem of tribal household and the lifestyles of migrant workers cause tribal household to develop regional and individual life patterns, which means tribes in different regions can develop their own gaya/utux culutral symbols and norms.
From 2003 on, government-led non-profit organizations have started to construct the tribal parent-child relationship and functions. Consequently, these non-profit organizations have put governmental ideology into practice and thereby have formed new relationships in tribes. The researcher expects to increase the cultural sensibility of the workers of the non-profit organizations through the construction of household and the local knowledg of relatives.

並列關鍵字

gaya/Taboo ； generation differencekinship ； non-profit organizgender ； gender role

參考文獻

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walis ,paul