應用景觀格局探討壽山不同遊憩情境之評估

景觀生態學整合了生態學領域與地理學領域，討論人類社會與自然環境的互動關係，從土地利用的概念加以定義與分類景觀單元，並在不同的尺度上探討景觀格局和生態學的關聯。其核心理念包括景觀格局的結構，其所具備的功能，以及隨著時間的變遷所發生的影響。景觀量測基於景觀生態學理論而提出，以量化格局的方式，針對嵌塊體的面積與邊緣特性、幾何形狀特性、核心區域與邊緣區域、以及嵌塊體間的對比性、相同嵌塊體在格局中的聚集程度、整體景觀的嵌塊體多樣性發展出一套景觀指數系統，有效地量測結構、闡明功能，也是預測與評估景觀變遷的重要方法學。本研究依過去－現在－未來的時序，建立了壽山的四個遊憩情境，從過去未有遊憩活動介入的完全軍事管制狀態(情境一)，到現階段的遊憩發展狀態(情境二)，以及未來遊客規模增加而無積極採取遊憩管理的狀態(情境三)、未來遊客規模增加而施行步道管制與管理措施的狀態(情境四)。本研究利用FRAGSTATS進行景觀指數的計算，透過景觀指數分別對於四個情境的格局進行景觀結構的量測、景觀功能的說明，並模擬遊憩管理策略的施行，檢視其對於景觀格局負面功能的減緩作用。接著，以山羌為例，進行壽山山羌分布調查資料與景觀指數項目的Spearman相關分析，藉由觀看景觀格局在現階段情境(情境二)與山羌分布偏好的關聯，評估未來情境的格局變化對山羌分布的可能影響，並推估遊憩管理策略對於緩和負面影響的成效。

關鍵字

景觀生態學；景觀格局；景觀指數；遊憩情境； FRAGSTATS

並列摘要

Landscape ecology discusses the relationship between human society and natural environment, integrating ecological and geographical perspectives. Its core concept lies in the linkage of three main characteristics: structure, function and change. Based on the theories of landscape ecology, landscape metrics quantifies landscape pattern from six properties: patch area and edge, patch shape, patch core area, contrast between patches, aggregation of similar patches and patches diversity. Landscape metrics efficiently measure landscape composition and configuration and illustrate landscape function, it is also helpful for landscape changes prognosis and diagnosis. This study develops four recreational scenarios in a “past-present-future” time series, based on subjects of original military control stage without recreational activities (Scenario1), present stage (Scenario2), impact zones of Recreational areas and Wild paths extension (Scenario3) and Recreational areas broaden with Wild paths enclosed. Landscape metrics are used to measure structure and interpret function, and recreation management strategy is also been examined the effects for mitigating the negative function through the analysis. After that, this study takes the Formosan Reeves' muntjac as a focal species, and a Spearman correlation analysis between species distribution data and selected landscape metrics is been done to evaluate the recreational impacts at the present stage, and is been used to prognosis the possible impacts from the landscape changes from the present stage to the future stage (Scenario3 and 4). Finally, the recreation management strategy is also been evaluated for the effects of negative impacts mitigation.

並列關鍵字

landscape ecology ； landscape pattern ； landscape metrics ； recreational scenario ； FRAGSTATS

參考文獻

劉儒淵。（1989）。戶外遊憩對環境之衝擊及其管理維護。戶外遊憩研究，2（1），3-18。

Asgarian, A., Amiri, B. J., and Sakieh, Y. (2015). Assessing the effect of green cover spatial patterns on urban land surface temperature using landscape metrics approach. Urban Ecosystems, 18(1), 209-222.

Becken, S., Simmons, D., and Frampton, C. (2003). Segmenting tourists by their travel pattern for insights into achieving energy efficiency. Journal of Travel Research, 42(1), 48-56.

Borgogno-Mondino, E., Fabietti, G., and Ajmone-Marsan, F. (2015). Soil quality and landscape metrics as driving factors in a multi-criteria GIS procedure for peri-urban land use planning. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 14(4), 743-750.

Botequilha Leitão, A., and Ahern, J. (2002). Applying landscape ecological concepts and metrics in sustainable landscape planning. Landscape and urban planning, 59(2), 65-93.

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應用景觀格局探討壽山不同遊憩情境之評估

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