藥用真菌靈芝及北蟲草在皮膚抗衰老及美白功效與機制之探討

Effect and mechanistic study of medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum and Cordyceps militaris on skin anti-aging and anti-melanogenesis

陳薏婷(Yi-Ting Chen)

指導教授 ： 沈湯龍

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/植物病理與微生物學研究所/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201903793

摘要

現今，人們越來越重視美白以及抗衰老的美容產品，用於解決或預防一些皮膚損傷與疾病，如色素沉澱與皺紋形成。靈芝與北蟲草是廣為人知的中草藥，其具有免疫調節、清除自由基以及抗癌活性，然而它們的美容功效尚未有深入的研究。本研究的目標是發掘靈芝和北蟲草萃取物抗黑色素生成以及抗衰老的功效，並能夠在化妝保養品產業中替代現有的產品。首先經由熱水萃取法取得靈芝以及北蟲草的萃取物。在斑馬魚表觀模型中，靈芝萃取物顯著的抑制色素生成，並相較北蟲草萃取物具有更好的功效。此外，藉由即時定量聚合酶連鎖反應，顯示靈芝萃取物能夠高度抑制黑色素生成路徑相關基因tyr、tyrp1、dct以及mitfa的mRNA表現。因此，靈芝萃取物在作為美白劑方面具有高度潛力。細胞外基質破損、TGF-β/Smad訊息傳遞受阻以及活性氧的增加都會在老化的皮膚中造成真皮的厚度減少。據此，我們經由測試並發現靈芝萃取物會刺激小鼠纖維母細胞NIH 3T3第一型膠原蛋白以及纖網蛋白的生成。同時，靈芝萃取物透過活化TGF-β/Smad訊息傳遞而誘導細胞外基質的生成。除此之外，靈芝萃取物展現強烈去除活性氧的能力，並且具有保護小鼠纖維母細胞NIH 3T3 免於氧化壓力誘導的DNA損傷。整體來說，這些結果顯示靈芝萃取物具有皮膚美白以及抗衰老活性，並在化妝保養品產業保有高度潛力。

關鍵字

靈芝 ； 北蟲草 ； 黑色素生成作用 ； 老化 ； 細胞外基質 ； TGF-β/Smad訊息傳遞 ； 活性氧

並列摘要

Nowadays, people pay considerable attention to cosmetic products of whitening and anti-aging agents for solving and preventing some skin damage or diseases, such as hyperpigmentation and wrinkle formation. Ganoderma lucidum and Cordyceps militaris are well known traditional Chinese medicine with immunomodulation, free radical scavenging and anti-cancer activities. However, their cosmetic efficacy has not been well investigated. In this study, we aim to figure out the anti-melanogenesis and anti-aging effects of G. lucidum and C. militaris extracts serving as substitutes for existing products in cosmetic industry. G. lucidum and C. militaris extracts were harvested by hot water extraction. In zebrafish phenotype-based model, G. lucidum extract significantly inhibited pigment formation and the efficacy was better than C. militaris extract. Moreover, via qRT-PCR, G. lucidum extract showed highly inhibitory effect on the mRNA expression of melanogenesis-related gene tyr, tyrp1, dct, and mitfa. As a result, G. lucidum extract exhibited highly potential as whitening agent. Damaged extracellular matrix (ECM), impaired TGF-β/Smad signaling, and increased level of ROS cause decreased dermal thickness in aged skin. According to this, we tested and found that G. lucidum extract stimulated type-I collagen and fibronectin synthesis in NIH 3T3 cells. Meanwhile, G. lucidum extracts induced ECM synthesis by activating TGF-β/Smad signaling. Additionally, G. lucidum displayed stronger ROS scavenging activity, and showed a protective property against oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in NIH 3T3 cells. Altogether, the results suggested that G. lucidum possessed a huge potential at cosmetic industry with skin whitening and anti-aging activity.

並列關鍵字

Ganoderma lucidum ； Cordyceps militaris ； melanogenesis ； aging ； extracellular matrix (ECM) ； TGF-β/Smad signaling ； reactive oxygen species (ROS)

參考文獻

Baumann, L., Kaufman, J., and Saghari, S. 2006. Collagen fillers. Dermatologic therapy 19:134-140.

Bonnans, C., Chou, J., and Werb, Z. 2014. Remodelling the extracellular matrix in development and disease. Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology 15:786-801.

Camp, E., and Lardelli, M. 2001. Tyrosinase gene expression in zebrafish embryos. Development genes and evolution 211:150-153.

Chang, T. S. 2009. An updated review of tyrosinase inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 10:2440-2475.

Cheng, C., Yang, H. W., Shang, J. F., Li, W. W., Sun, Q. Z., Chen, X., Cao, Z. X., Yao, S. H., and Yang, S. Y. 2016. Identification of a small molecule that downregulates MITF expression and mediates antimelanoma activity in vitro. Melanoma research 26:117-124.