動態複雜窗戶系統之日照性能分析

Daylighting Performance Analysis of Dynamic Complex Fenestration Systems

杜成功(Cong Thanh Do)

指導教授 ： 詹瀅潔

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/博士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202103189

摘要

採光為建築物和居住者提供了廣泛的好處，包括節能和與室外的直接連接。使用自動控制的捲簾可以消除過多的陽光，並且可以通過使用日光重定向設備將光線發送到房間的後面來改善分佈。這些技術可以結合在動態復雜開窗系統 (DCFS) 中，以最大限度地發揮其在不同功能（節能、防眩光和視野）方面的潛力。本論文首先旨在通過分析日光可用性、防眩光和通過立面的可見性來評估日光重定向膜與自動控制的捲簾相結合的有效性。提供了設計 DCFS 的指南。此外，還評估了具有捲簾和百葉窗組合的 DCFS 的有效性。為兩個不同的 DCFS 設計了兩種控制策略，並為評估開發了一個工作流程。此工作流程對每個著色狀態應用 Radiance 的三相方法來模擬可移動的著色。為了在 DCFS 的影響下控制住戶活動的電照明，研究了天花板安裝的光電傳感器的五種配置和四個位置。
使用基於 Radiance 三階段方法的工作流程進行參數研究方案。評估的設計元素包括日光重定向膜的尺寸，以及兩個玻璃系統（頂部和中間部分）和遮光織物的特性。除了採光可用性和眩光外，還創建了一個視圖指數來評估立面全年的“透明”。結果表明，膜壁比是該方案中最關鍵的設計元素。頂部的玻璃透射率增加可能會導致更高的日光可用性，而中間部分的玻璃透射率降低則可以提供更多的戶外景觀。
與僅使用受控捲簾的情況相比，捲簾、百葉窗和適當的控制演算法的組合大大增加了後牆附近的日光，並且不會引起眩光。頂部的固定百葉窗和受控捲簾以及中間部分的另一個受控捲簾的組合非常適合臺北和紐約的朝南或朝西立面的後部空間。
此外，與傳統立面相比，DCFS 的使用增加了天花板和工作平面之間的照度相關性。它可以使用安裝在天花板上的光電傳感器對工作平面上的電燈進行精確控制。光電傳感器與下方工作平面的相關性最高；但是，它與不在正下方的工作平面的相關性也很好。

關鍵字

動態復合開窗系統 ； 捲簾 ； 百葉窗 ； Radiance 的三階段法 ； 立面控制策略 ； 日光重定向膜 ； 日光 ； 室外景觀 ； 光電傳感器

並列摘要

Daylighting provides a wide range of benefits for buildings and occupants, including light energy saving and a direct connection to the outdoors. Excessive sunlight can be eliminated using automatically controlled roller shades, and distribution can be improved by sending light to the back of a room using daylight-redirecting devices. These technologies can be combined in a dynamic complex fenestration system (DCFS) to maximize its potential in serving different functions (light energy saving, glare prevention, and views). This dissertation firstly aims to evaluate daylight redirecting film’s effectiveness when combined with automatically controlled roller shades by analyzing daylight availability, glare prevention, and visibility through the facade. Guidelines for designing a DCFS is provided. Moreover, the effectiveness of a DCFS with roller shade and blind combination is evaluated. Two control strategies are designed for two different DCFSs, with a workflow developed for the evaluation. This workflow applies Radiance’s three-phase method for each shading state to model movable shades. To control electric lighting for occupants’ activity under the impact of a DCFS, five configurations and four positions of ceiling-mounted photosensors are investigated.
A parametric study scheme is conducted using a workflow based on Radiance’s three-phase method. The evaluated design elements include the dimensions of the daylight redirecting film, and the properties of two glazing systems (top and middle sections) and shading fabrics. Besides daylighting availability and glare, a view index is created to evaluate the facade’s "see-through" throughout a year. The results indicated that the film-to-wall ratio is the most critical design element in the scheme. An increased glass transmittance in the top section could result in higher daylight availability, while a decreased glass transmittance in the middle section could provide more outdoor views.
The combinations of roller shades, blinds, and proper control algorithms greatly increase daylight near a rear wall compared to cases with only controlled roller shades, and do not cause glare. The combination with fixed blinds and controlled roller shades at the top section and another controlled roller shade at the middle section works well for rear spaces with south-facing or west-facing facades in both Taipei and New York.
In addition, the use of a DCFS increases the illuminance correlation between ceiling and work plane compared to a conventional facade. It enables an accurate control of electric lighting on the work plane using a ceiling-mounted photosensor. The photosensor has the highest correlation with the underneath work plane; however, its correlation with work plane not directly below is also good.

並列關鍵字

Dynamic complex fenestration system ； Roller shade ； Venetian blind ； Radiance’s three-phase method ； Facade control strategies ； Facade control strategies ； Daylighting ； Outdoor views ； Photosensor

參考文獻

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