具變壓器耦合W-Band三倍頻器之研製與鎖相迴路在汽車防撞雷達及生命感測雷達之應用

本篇論文為三倍頻器之研製與鎖相迴路在汽車防撞雷達及生命感測器應用。在第二章中，提出了一個W-Band使用變壓器耦合技術的注入式鎖定三倍頻器，適用於有寬頻應用需求的射頻前端電路，像是毫米波頻段汽車防撞雷達，車聯網也是未來的應用趨勢。由於W-Band增加了鎖定迴路實現的困難性，因此該電路藉由三倍頻器結合變壓器耦合技術將K-Band的訊號被增至W-Band，並有一個Marchand Balun 將單端的輸入訊號轉成雙端差動訊號，激發電晶體的非線性特性，產生倍頻的效果，再注入變壓器耦合的共振腔鎖定，進而達到寬頻、降低功耗、縮小晶片面積的特色。在第三章中，提出一組K-Band的本地震盪源，由低頻的整數型鎖相迴路和三倍頻器組成，具有寬頻、低相位雜訊、低功耗的特性，可應用於24 GHz 的汽車防撞雷達系統的射頻前端電路。該壓控震盪器採用NMOS架構，三倍頻器使用單端平衡式混波器方法，藉由混頻壓控震盪器產生出來一階和二階諧波項，進而得到三倍頻率，加上在壓控震盪器之交錯耦合對共模點的二階諧波利用並聯阻抗提升的技巧，有效降低三倍頻器的相位雜訊。在第四章中，提出X-Band的整數型及小數型鎖相迴路，應用於生命訊號偵測雷達系統或可攜式微型寬頻生理訊號偵測雷達晶片組。該電路使用運算放大器型的充電汞，可降低充放電之電流不匹配問題，寬頻率範圍的多頻帶之互補式壓控震盪器，具有寬頻、低相位雜訊、低功耗之特性。論文的第一章和第五章分別是論文的動機介紹和本碩士論文完成的研究結論。

關鍵字

注入式鎖定倍頻器；壓變器耦合；鎖相迴路；頻率合成器

並列摘要

In this thesis, we present the design, analysis, and implement for three CMOS millimeter-wave integrated circuits. Including W-Band transformer-coupled frequency tripler, K-band LO generator for automotive collision avoidance and X-band phase-locked loops vital sign detection radar applications. In chapter 2, the W-band injection-locked frequency tripler using bandwidth-enhanced transformer-coupled technique is proposed. Smart cars are the future application trend, which require the internet of vehicles (IOV) and autopilot functions. Through a Marchand balun, the K-band input signal can be converted into differential signals. This frequency tripler is adequate to generate W-band signal with the advantages of wide bandwidth, good phase noise, low dc power and small chip size. In chapter 3, the direct combination of a 8-10 GHz PLL with a 24 GHz frequency tripler for K-band Local Oscillator (LO) generation is proposed. The power consumption can be reduced without inserting a buffer stage between the VCO and the mixer-type tripler. With the shunt-peaking technique at second harmonic, it can improve the phase noise in VCO and results in better phase noise in frequency tripler output. In chapter 4, the proposed X-band fraction-N Phase-Locked Loop with lower phase noise and low dc consumption is proposed and is for vital sign detection radar application. To decrease the phase noise and increase the tuning range, we achieve small K_VCO using band-switching complementary LC VCO. The operation-amplifier type charge pump successfully solves the current mismatch problem. A MASH 111 with 6-bit 3-order delta–sigma modulator is used in this fractional-N frequency synthesizer.

並列關鍵字

injection-locked frequency multiplier ； transformer-coupled ； phase-locked loops ； frequency synthesizer

參考文獻

[1] N.-C. Kuo, J.-C. Kao, Z.-M. Tsai, K.-Y. Lin, and H. Wang, “A 60-GHz frequency tripler with gain and dynamic-range enhancement,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 660 - 671, Mar. 2011.

[2] N. M. and E. S., “Analysis and Design of an X-Band-to-W-Band CMOS Active Multiplier With Improved Harmonic Rejection,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 1924 - 1933, Feb. 2013.

[3]W. K. Chan and J. R. Long, “A 56–65 GHz injection-locked frequency tripler with quadrature outputs in 90-nm CMOS,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 2739 - 2746, Dec. 2008.

[4] Y.-L. Yeh, C.-S. Huang, and H.-Y. Chang, “A 20.7% locking range W-band fully integrated injection-locked oscillator using 90 nm CMOS technology,” IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Dig., pp. 1-3, Jun. 2012.

[5] M.-C. Chen, “Design and analysis of CMOS subharmonic injection-locked frequency triplers,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 56, no. 8, pp. 1869 -1878, Aug. 2008.

國際替代計量

具變壓器耦合W-Band三倍頻器之研製與鎖相迴路在汽車防撞雷達及生命感測雷達之應用

全文下載

主題瀏覽