以語意促發技術探究高功能自閉症國中生之語意處理歷程

自閉症三大類主要症狀為社會互動障礙、溝通障礙與固定僵化的行為。本研究旨在探究高功能自閉症之語意處理歷程，藉以瞭解自閉症溝通障礙之心理病理。研究方法使用語意促發技術，實驗設計操弄刺激起步異動（SOA）、字（詞）對聯想性與字（詞）對相關性，比較19名高功能自閉症國中生在唸字作業及詞彙判斷作業表現之語意促發效果和19名對照組之正常國中生是否有差異，藉以推論其內在語意處理歷程。結果發現在短SOA情境下，高功能自閉症組在兩作業中對高語意相關字（詞）對，均產生顯著語意促發效果；對低語意相關字（詞）對則均無語意促發效果。正常組則在兩作業中對高低語意相關字對均產生語意促發效果。在長SOA情境下，高功能自閉症在兩作業中無顯著語意促發效果，正常組在兩作業中大多產生顯著語意促發效果。由本研究結果推論高功能自閉症國中生之語意處理歷程和一般人不同。對高功能自閉症而言，高聯想相對字（詞）在其內在語意網路有穩定連結，可透過自動蔓延激發加速反應時間；低語意相關字（詞）則可能不存在其語意組織中，或是連結過於薄弱，由此可推論高功能自閉症國中生內在語意組織與一般人有異。當語意處理時間較長而需仰賴認知策略時，高功能自閉症國中生無法從「語意」得到助益，一來可能顯示高功能自閉症國中生在使用高階認知策略有困難，二來也顯示出其語意處理障礙確實存在，除了內在語意組織和一般人不同，有意識提取語意記憶的能力可能也有困難。

關鍵字

高功能自閉症；語意處理；語意促發效果；唸字作業；詞彙判斷作業；自動蔓延激發；認知策略

並列摘要

The autistic spectrum disorder involved impairments in reciprocal social interaction and communication and the presence of restricted, stereotyped, and repetitive interests and behaviors. The current research was aimed to investigate the semantic processing in high-functioning autistic young adolescents. Semantic priming effects were evaluated through the naming and lexical decision tasks. Amid the 38 junior high school students, half was high-functioning autistic (HFA) students while the other half served as normal controls in proportion to the sex and the intellectual ability. The stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA; long: 950ms, short: 250ms), association (high, low), and relation (related, non-related) were three key factors to the experiment. When the SOA was short, the HFA students showed significant semantic priming effects in both tasks to the high-associated related pairs, but not to the low-associated related ones. Under the same circumstances, the normal controls displayed obvious semantic priming effects to all related pairs in the two tasks. When the SOA was long, the HFA students demonstrated no crucial semantic priming effects priming effect in both tasks, while the majority of the normal students had expedited reactions to the related pairs. The experiment drew the conclusion that the high associated related pairs seemed to be in connection with the semantic network in the HFA students, which accounted for the accelerated reaction time rendered by the automatic spreading activation. As for the low-associated related pairs, they were either disconnected or weakly linked with the semantic network and which explained a different semantic organization in the HFA students. With a longer SOA and the needed cognitive strategies, the HFA students would not be able to benefit from the semantics, which suggested they might have difficulties employing higher-level cognitive strategies and retrieving semantic knowledge from the memory. In sum, the HFA students differed from the normal controls in the semantic processing.

並列關鍵字

high-functioning autism ； semantic processing ； semantic priming effect ； lexical-decision task ； naming task ； automatic spreading activation ； cognitive strategies

參考文獻

陳學志、鄭昭明（1999）。適用於認知心理學實驗室之變異數分析暨趨勢分析程式。「應用心理研究」，1，229-246。

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). DSM-IV: diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Bachevalier, J. (1994). Medial temporal lobe structures in autism: A review of clinical and experimental findings. Neuropsychologia, 32, 627-648.

Baddeley, A. D. & Warrington, E. K. (1970). Amnesia and the distinction between long-and short-term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 9, 176-189.

Baddeley, A. D. (1966). The influence of acoustic and semantic similarity on long-term memory for word sequences. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 302-309.

國際替代計量

以語意促發技術探究高功能自閉症國中生之語意處理歷程

全文下載

主題瀏覽