臺灣小說中民間信仰書寫特色之研究 ──以九○年代後八本小說為觀察對象

A Study on the Folk Religions Elements in 8 Taiwanese Novels Written After 90's

楊雅儒(Ya-Ru Yang)

指導教授 ： 柯慶明

國立臺灣大學/文學院/台灣文學研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.00889

摘要

摘要
本論文含緒論與結論共計八章，正文各章對六位作者(蕭麗紅、阮慶岳、施叔青、李昂、陳玉慧，黃凡)，八本小說涉及「民間信仰」的相關書寫進行研討。本論文所欲研究的小說，主要屬漢人「民間信仰」體系，雖然也有文本涉及「佛家思想」和「基督教」觀點，不過這些小說仍然多以民間信仰習俗觀點出發為主，涵攝其他宗教為輔。這些作品無論在主題的選取、修辭手法與情節模式的安排，或者關懷的議題層面，都有極高的相似度。由於這些作家的出生年代約從一九四五至一九六○年間，又這些小說的出版年代都在一九九○年以後發表，不禁令人疑問，這系列作品的大量出現與相似的手法運用，是作家的默契巧合抑或隱含對某種潮流的呼應？
一九九○年後相關書寫的小說內涵主要可分兩大向度：一方面明顯地處理根本的生命本能所遭遇的問題，例如針對信仰與情慾、善惡的問題加以省思外；一方面就臺灣民間信仰天神地衹人鬼，儀式，結合地方文化等特殊性，作為某種重構臺灣歷史或地方史的途徑之一。無論作品的書名，民間信仰素材的介入形式，或時空場景的設計，可以發現作家們似乎有意以另一種角度建構臺灣史並訴說他們的「認同根源」。小說中類似的特色包含大量男性的消亡，女性與女神的地位提昇，信仰的心靈層次與身體情慾需求的交織不斷展演，以及作家書寫共同主題或神明的同時，各自取決的不同重點。
由於該主題研究尚且不多，似乎還沒有最完整與最適切的研究方法，因而本文主要依照各章內容與探討的問題之所需，尋求相關方法，例如借用佛洛伊德、榮格心理學分析、卡蘿•皮爾森的人格典型分析等論述，嘗試理解小說人物行為的意義；並借用女性主義相關理論，觀察小說男性消亡、女性相對而存在的可能意涵。
結論部份，針對緒論與各章提出並嘗試爬梳、解決的問題，加以歸納，並且從小說書寫的「相/不同」神衹，尋找各自意義。最後根據每位作家在作品反映的關懷指向，發現這批一九九○以降的小說共同表現的精神：也就是書寫走向策略化，同時受到「臺灣性」論述的影響，並且各自依照自我的成長背景和認知的臺灣代表性與民俗信仰，爭取發聲機會，喚醒類似境遇的讀者之共同記憶，以及找到自己的某種定位。

關鍵詞：
民間信仰書寫；蕭麗紅；阮慶岳；施叔青；李昂；陳玉慧；黃凡

關鍵字

民間信仰書寫 ； 蕭麗紅 ； 阮慶岳 ； 施叔青 ； 李昂 ； 陳玉慧 ； 黃凡

並列摘要

The writing techniques and characters of six authors among eight novels (all of which involve the topic of folk beliefs) are discussed in this paper. Some novels involved in the research mention about the Buddhism and Christianity briefly but their main focus is on the folk belief of the ‘漢人’and the religious belief in the story are therefore based on the folk traditions still. The novels selected have similar ways of approach regarding the choices of focus points; layout of story lines and use of phrasing. Since all the authors were born in between 1945 and 1960 and the novels were all published after 1990, it makes one wonder whether the similarities between these novels are simply coincidences or actually reflects on trends of society at the time? The novels published after 1990 can be divided into two categories: One deal with the problems an individual is likely to encounter during her/his life e.g. beliefs, recognitions, sexuality etc whilst the other rebuilds the history of Taiwan by combining the Taiwanese folk beliefs on deity, ghost, ceremonies and local cultures. Looking at the titles of the novels; the way the folk beliefs are integrated into the stories and the design of the space and time; it gives the impression that the authors are trying to address their ‘common roots’ on restructuring the history of Taiwan from another perspective. The common characters of the novels include collapses of male powers and the rise of goddess and female status; the belief in the soul level in contrast to physical passions. The authors also try to send out different messages through the stories according to their own beliefs. The conclusion draws together the questions encountered from each chapters and attempt in resolving them; It uncovers the meaning of each 「same/different」gods in novels and drew an assumption based on the characters of these novels that they all represent and reflect the writing style of novel are moving towards tactical. The novels are deeply influenced by “The character of Taiwan” which comprise the culture and folk beliefs, strives for the opportunities to be heard and recognitions in similar experiences from the readers in finding their own status in the society.

並列關鍵字

Folk Religions ElementsTaiwanese Novels

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