反射式電漿子超穎介面於超穎光學元件之應用

電漿子超穎材料(Plasmonic metamaterials)是一門奈米光學中的新興研究領域，主要聚焦於研究奈米金屬結構其自由電子在達到共振條件時，其特殊的光學現象與相關應用。本論文不只是記錄筆者博士生涯中的研究內容，更期望能提供每位對電漿子超穎材料有興趣的研究生一個的引導。本論文的第一章介紹電磁學與金屬介電係數的基礎知識，這章節是進入電漿子超穎材料領域必要的背景知識，第二章介紹表面電漿子、超穎材料與超穎介面，使讀者瞭解其歷史發展背景與重要性，第三章著重於電漿子超穎材料的製備技術與量測電漿子共振的方法，第四章與第六章進入本論文的主題: 反射式電漿子超穎介面於超穎光學元件之應用。電漿子超穎介面(Plasmonic metasurface)是利用次波長大小與超薄的結構來自由地操控電磁波波前相位，若電磁波的波前相位能被自由地操控，就提供了許多設計超穎光學元件的可行性，筆者提出並設計了二種元件:超穎全像片與超穎圓偏振檢偏器。有別於傳統全像片，超穎全像片對光的偏振是敏感的，因此可將不同的圖案存儲在光的偏振上，這可使全像片的存儲容量提升100%，超穎全像片也具有寬頻的工作波長、對重建光的同調性無關與多角度入射皆可工作的優點。傳統檢查一電磁波是線偏振、左旋圓偏振或右旋圓偏振是很費時與麻煩的，超穎圓偏振檢偏器能將左、右旋圓偏振分開到不同的空間位置上，再藉由光偵測器量測光功率的強弱，就能判斷此光波的偏振態。

關鍵字

表面電漿子；侷域表面電漿子；電漿子學；超穎材料；超穎介面；超穎元件

並列摘要

Plasmonic metamaterials is a novel research field in nanophotonics. It focuses on the resonant behaviors of the coherent oscillation of free electrons in metallic nano-particles (so-called plasmonic resonance) and the applications of light-matter interactions at plasmonic resonances. I sincerely hope that this thesis recorded not only the research results during my Ph.D program, but also provided a useful guideline for those who are interested in plasmonic metamaterials. In the 1st Chapter, the background of electromagnetic theory related to noble metals are introduced. Chapter 2 focuses on the historical development of surface/localized plasmons, metamaterials and metasurfaces. In Chapter 3, the fabrication of metamaterials and the detection as well as characterization of plasmonic resonant modes are described. From Chapter 4 to Chapter 6, I describe how the reflected plasmonic metasurfaces can be applied to demonstrate metadevices with functionalities that cannot be achieved by conventional optical devices. Plasmonic metasurfaces are composited by sub-wavelength structures to control the phase of electromagnetic wave. Once we can freely control the phase of electromagnetic wave, the demonstration of many metadevices with novel optical properties becomes possible. We proposed and demonstrated two metadevices: meta-hologram and meta-analyzer for detection of linearly, right or left circularly polarized light. The reconstructed images of conventional holograms are not sensitive to the polarization state of incident light. On the contrary, the reconstructed images of meta-hologram show polarization-controlled dual images, functioning for both coherent and incoherent light sources within a broad spectral range and under a wide range of incidence angles. Analysis of the polarization state of a given electromagnetic wave is less efficient. The Meta-analyzer has the function to separate right-handed and left-handed circular polarization into different angle from normal. We can therefore detect the intensity of the separated light to determine the polarization state. For example, the electromagnetic wave is linearly polarized if there are two spots with the same intensity on detector.

並列關鍵字

Surface/localized plasmons ； Plasmonics ； Metamaterials ； Metasurfaces ； Metadevices

參考文獻

Chapter 1:

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反射式電漿子超穎介面於超穎光學元件之應用

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