臺灣青少年過重與霸凌對學業成就的影響：多層次分析

The Effect of Overweight and Bully on Adolescent Academic Achievement in Taiwan: A Multilevel Approach

羅傑恩(Chieh-En Lo)

指導教授 ： 陳端容

國立臺灣大學/公共衛生學院/健康政策與管理研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.01450

摘要

研究背景：過去三十年來，全世界的過重與肥胖率不斷攀升，臺灣青少年的過重與肥胖率更是不斷上升，早有許多研究證明過重或肥胖的青少年面臨許多醫療上的不利因素，但對其社會經濟不良後果的影響仍舊不足。各國目前都已開始探討過重或肥胖對於青少年學業成績的影響，不過臺灣仍然在起步當中，國外也只有少數研究將霸凌視為過重或肥胖對學習狀況或學業成績的影響的重要調控因子，且尚未以多階層分析探討學校特性對上述影響的調節能力。
研究目的：探討臺灣高中/高職/五專生其過重霸凌經驗對其學科分析能力的影響。
研究方法：本研究利用臺灣教育長期追蹤資料庫之2005年與2007年高二及高三資料進行分析，以國健署公布的兒童與青少年生長身體質量指數(BMI)建議值，將男女分別以不同標準區分為無過重無霸凌經驗、無過重有霸凌經驗、有過重無霸凌經驗及有過重有霸凌經驗四組，並控制性別、學程類別、人際關係與心理狀態後，探討臺灣高中生過重霸凌經驗是否會影響學科分析能力，另外，本研究將利用多階層分析方法探討上述關係是否因學校特性不同而有差異。
研究結果：本研究共計納入17266人，男生8650人、女生8616人。雙變項分析顯示綜合分析能力和自變項與控制變項皆有顯著相關。多階層迴歸分析指出男生無過重有霸凌經驗者綜合分析能力顯著小於無過重無霸凌經驗者；而女生方面，則是有過重有霸凌經驗者的表現較差。本研究亦發現臺灣高中/高職/五專的校規嚴格程度、公私立別、所在地城鄉別不同會導致分析能力有顯著差異。
結論：高中/高職/五專女生之學業成就受到過重霸凌經驗的影響，而男生則受到霸凌的影響，且學業成就存在公私立別、城鄉別的差異，衛生主管機關應更加關注臺灣青少年的過重與肥胖狀況，教育單位也應重視教育的不平等問題。

關鍵字

過重高中生 ； 霸凌 ； 學校特性 ； 學業成就 ； 多階層分析

並列摘要

Background: The prevalence of worldwide overweight and obesity has exploded from past 30 years. It’s also getting worse in Taiwan. Many research has proved that overweight or obese adolescents face lots of medical problems rather than it’s socio-economic barrier. More and more studies has found that overweight or obesity would affect the academic achievement of adolescents but only some of them consider the important role of overweight bully and none of them adopt hierarchical linear modeling.
Objectives: Find the effect of overweight bully to the academic achievement of high school students in Taiwan.
Methods: This study’s database is from Taiwan Education Panel Survey. We use the children and adolescents BMI classification standard from Health Promotion Administration Ministry of Health and Welfare. We define both boys and girls as non-overweight and bully experience, non-overweight but bully experience, non-bully experience but overweight, and overweight and bully experience, controlling gender, program, interpersonal relation and mental status. Trying to find whether overweight-bully would affect the academic achievement of high school students in Taiwan.
Result: There are 17266 high school students in our study with 8650 boys and 8616 girls. In univariate analysis, overweight-bully and all control variables are significant with academic achievement. One the other hand, Multilevel Analysis shows that boys with non-overweight but bully experience has poor academic achievement compare to those with non-overweight and bully experience. Girls with overweight and bully experience has poor academic achievement compare to those with non-overweight and bully experience. Students’ academic achievement is also diverse among different schools.
Conclusion: The academic achievement of high school girls are affected by overweight-bully while boys are affected by bully. Academic achievement is really different between public and private schools and between urban and suburban schools. From this point of view, health and welfare organizations must pay more attention in overweight adolescents. Education organizations have to find the way to solve the problem of educational inequality.

並列關鍵字

Overweight high school students ； bully ； school characteristic ； academic achievement ； multilevel analysis

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