多向交流下的區域特性：論漢中銅器區域特性的產生及發展變化

Regional Bronze Industries and Interrgional Interaction: The Emergence and Development of the Regional Bronze-using Culture in the Hanzhong Basin

鐘雅薰(Ya-Syun Jhong)

指導教授 ： 陳芳妹

國立臺灣大學/文學院/藝術史研究所/碩士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201602950

摘要

中國陝西省漢中城固、洋縣兩縣，從1960年代陸續公布起，迄今發現的商代銅器多達600多件。儘管多數的銅器是未經科學發掘的偶然發現，卻是理解漢中盆地商時歷史最重要的途徑。甚至在漢中盆地第一個商代遺址的正式報告於2002年出版之前，由於缺乏陶器建構當地的商代考古文化，銅器可說是唯一的途徑。
　　以漢中銅器為材料，本文主要處理的主題是銅器的分期和來源兩個問題。過往研究沒有注意到漢中銅器的組合隨時間變化的問題。本文將漢中銅器組合形式可區分三個階段，並採用儀式即表演(ritual as performance)角度來分析組合背後所代表的儀式特色。藉此解釋組合轉變背後所反映的儀式活動參與者或地點變化，因而對漢中銅器性質能有進一步的解釋。
　　本文也引用近年發表的銅器的成分數據與製造技術分析，從銅器鑄造工藝的角度來看漢中銅器與商時期其他區域的相似點及特點。除了以往研究強調的商中心影響，本文認為漢中盆地用銅文化受到渭河盆地與長江中游更強的影響。不同區域對漢中銅器影響的差異，反映漢中在多向交流中的自主性選擇。
　　漢中銅器用銅文化的討論反映，過去研究強調的「中心─地方」交流或許應該修正成更複雜的互動網絡。透過考察漢中用銅文化，得以一窺商代黃河與長江兩大青銅文化的互動。

關鍵字

漢中銅器 ； 城洋銅器 ； 青銅鑄造技術 ； 商代區域青銅文化 ； 區域特性 ； 多向交流

並列摘要

More than six hundred bronzes which can safely be dated to the Shang period have been reported found in Yang Xian and Chenggu, Shaanxi, China since 1960s. Despite of the fact that most of these bronzes were randomly found, they represent the key evidence to understand the history of Hanzhong Basin in the Shang period. In fact, they were the only evidence before the first archaeological site of the Shang period was published in 2002.
This thesis mainly discusses the following two aspects of the Hanzhong bronzes, the sequence of the bronzes and the sources of the bronzes. The bronzes are classified into three periods to illustrate changes of bronze assemblage. The thesis adopts the ritual approach, viewing ritual as performance, to analyze the ritual practices of these bronzes. The changes of assemblage reflect the changes of participants, or the differences of the way in which they participant ritual activities
The thesis also uses newly-published component analysis data and casting techniques analysis report to discuss local features of composition and casting techniques. Besides influenced by Shang central areas, the analysis suggests bronze-using culture in the Hanzhong Basin was also strongly influenced by two regional bronze-using cultures from the middle Yangtze river region and the Weihe River Basin. The discussion of the bronze-using culture in the Hanzhong Basin reflects that a more complicated interregional interaction should replace the traditional unidirectional interpretive framework.

並列關鍵字

Hanzhong bronzes ； Cheng Yang bronzes ； bronze casting technique ； bronze-using culture in the Shang period ； interregional interaction

參考文獻

中國青銅器全集編輯委員會

Bagley, Robert W.

1977 "P'an-Lung-Ch'eng: A Shang City in Hupei." Artibus Asiae 39, no. 3/4: 165-219.

1987 Shang Ritual Bronzes in the Arthur M. Sackler Collections. Waxhington, D. C. Massachusetts: the Arthur M. Sackler Foundation the Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Havard University, Cambridge.

Chang, Kwang-chih.