革命抑反革命？蔣中正革命道路的起源(1919-1927)

Revolution or Counter-Revolution?The Origins of the Revolution of Chiang Kai-shek(1919-1927)

施純純(Chun-chun Shih)

指導教授 ： 王遠義

國立臺灣大學/文學院/歷史學研究所/博士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201602960

摘要

本文主要討論1919-1927年之間蔣中正革命道路的起源和形成過程。蔣中正革命道路主要源自共產國際殖民地民族革命的策略和戴季陶對於中國革命的詮釋。1925年孫中山過世之後，戴季陶提出國民黨革命道路的理論，尤其以生產力優先的主張反對中共的階級鬥爭策略。戴季陶與中共各擷取、運用不同部分的馬克思主義，以作為其不同革命道路的理論來源，並相互批評、攻擊。蔣中正一方面公開支持聯俄容共，另一方面則依據戴季陶的理論發展不同於中共的革命道路，即重視軍事行動和道德改變，以發展中國生產力為優先，反對中國社會內部的階級鬥爭。在戴季陶發表其革命理論之後，蔣中正逐漸在其公開演講和著作中提出與戴季陶相同的觀點，終在1926年5月底之後被中共和共產國際視為戴季陶思想的執行者。蔣中正與中共兩條革命道路的分歧，在共產國際所推行的「國共合作」政策下加深，最終演至相互衝突、對抗。蔣中正的革命道路呈現其改造中國的獨特方式，是共產國際殖民地民族革命全球戰略的一部分。然而，這一革命道路逐漸發展為對抗中共的政治力量。對於中共而言，蔣中正的革命實具備著「反革命」的性質。因此，蔣中正革命道路應界定為革命抑或反革命的兩全或兩難，實則反映了「中國革命」的悲劇性，以及中國與現代世界的複雜關係。

關鍵字

蔣中正 ； 戴季陶 ； 革命 ； 共產國際 ； 馬克思主義

並列摘要

This dissertation focuses on the origins and the process of how Chiang Kai-shek formed his revolution in 1919-1927. The origins of Chiang Kai-shek’s revolution were the strategy of “national revolutions” which the Comintern directed, and Tai Chi-t’ao’ theory of Chinese revolution. After Sun Yet-sen passed away, Tai Chi-t’ao provided a theory on revolution of Kuomintang(KMT) in the middle of 1925, which especially focused on prioritizing development of productive force, against the strategy of class struggle of the Chinese Communist Party(CCP). Tai Chi-t’ao and CCP used different parts of Marxism as theoretical resource to express their different directions of revolutions, and they criticized each other. Chiang supported the policy of alliance with Soviet Union and cooperation with CCP, but formed his revolution according to Tai Chi-t’ao’s theory which was different from CCP. The characteristics of Chiang’s revolution were valuing military actions and transformations in morals, prioritizing development of productive force, and opposing social class struggle inside China. After Tai’s theory was published, Chiang Kai-shek gradually addressed some points which were the same with those Tai provided. Then Chiang had been seen as an executor of Tai’s theory by the Comintern and CCP since the end of May 1926. The differences of revolutions between Chiang and CCP were deepened under the policy of “the cooperation of KMT and CCP” which the Comintern guided, and turned into conflicts in the end. The revolution of Chiang Kai-shek showed a unique way of changing Chinese society, and it was a part of “national revolutions” in Eastern countries based on the global strategies of the Comintern. However, Chiang’s revolution gradually became a political power against the revolution of CCP. To CCP, Chiang’s revolution was “counter-revolution”. Therefore, the difficulties of defining the revolution of Chiang Kai-shek as revolution or counter-revolution reflect the tragedy of “Chinese Revolution”, and the complicated relationship between China and modern world.

並列關鍵字

Chiang Kai-shek ； Tai Chi-t’ao ； revolution ； the Comintern ； Marxism

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