國小學童，氣喘兒童與新生兒二手菸相關議題研究

Study on Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) in Schoolchildren, Asthmatic Children and Infants

袁韻涵(Yun-Han Yuan)

指導教授 ： 詹長權

國立臺灣大學/公共衛生學院/職業醫學與工業衛生研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.00911

摘要

本篇論文為國小學童，氣喘兒童與新生兒二手菸相關議題研究，內容包含三大部分。第一部分為國小學童二手菸暴露評估與學校衛生教育介入方案成效評估，藉由問卷調查國小學童於不同場所內二手菸的暴露頻率與來源，評估學校衛生教育對於國小學生對於二手菸暴露之知識、態度與行為的影響。結果發現居家環境為國小學童二手菸暴露的主要場所，父親為主要的二手菸來源，而國小學童在週末與暑假期間二手菸的暴露較高。學校衛生教育能有效增加國小學童對於二手菸暴露的知識，但對二手菸的態度與行為沒有改善。第二部份為氣喘兒童營隊衛生教育介入方案成效評估，藉由問卷評估營隊衛生教育對於氣喘兒童二手菸暴露的知識、態度與行為的影響。研究結果顯示透過一天的營隊活動進行衛生教育能有效增加氣喘兒童對於二手菸暴露的知識，但對二手菸的態度與行為沒有顯著的改善。第三部份為母親與新生兒二手菸暴露調查以及二手菸與新生兒出生體重的相關性評估，透過問卷收集母親懷孕前與懷孕期間二手菸的暴露情形，以及新生兒出生後ㄧ歲內的二手菸暴露情形，評估母親懷孕期間二手菸暴露與新生兒低出生體重的相關性。結果發現懷孕母親與新生兒皆有高二手菸暴露。母親懷孕期間的二手菸暴露對於新生兒低出生體重沒有影響。綜合三部份的研究，可見十一至十二歲的國小學童，懷孕婦女與零到一歲的新生兒皆有嚴重的二手菸暴露。以學校為基礎或是營隊類型的衛教方案介入確實能增加兒童對於二手菸暴露的知識，然而無法改善兒童對於二手菸的態度與行為。雖然本研究對於二手菸暴露的量測屬於定性分析，結果顯示母親懷孕期間是否暴露二手菸與新生兒低出生體重沒有顯著的相關，未來可以量性分析進ㄧ步探討兩者之間的關係。未來在兒童與新生兒二手菸的研究上，能參考本研究的結果與建議，更有系統的評估二手菸的暴露與推動二手菸衛生教育介入方案。

關鍵字

二手菸 ； 國小學童 ； 氣喘 ； 新生兒 ； 介入 ； 出生體重

並列摘要

This thesis studied environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in schoolchildren, asthmatic children and infants. There are three parts in this thesis. Part 1 was the evaluation of ETS exposure and the effectiveness of a school-based intervention program for changing children’s knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) toward ETS. ETS exposure and KAP toward ETS before and after an intervention program were evaluated by questionnaire among schoolchildren. The results showed that home is the major setting for students’ ETS exposure with their fathers as the main sources. Schoolchildren have higher ETS exposure over summer vacation and weekends than weekdays. Knowledge improved through the school-based intervention program, but not attitude and practice against ETS exposure. Part 2 was the evaluation of the effectiveness of a camp-based intervention program for changing asthmatic children’s KAP toward ETS. KAP toward ETS before and after a one day camp-based intervention program were evaluated by questionnaire among asthmatic children. The one day camp-based intervention program in our study improved ETS knowledge of asthmatic children, but had no effects on their attitude and action against ETS exposure. In part 3 we investigated the exposure of pregnant women and infants to ETS and the relation between maternal ETS exposure and birth weight. Information of ETS exposure was investigated by questionnaire among mothers with infants from birth to one year old. High prevalence of ETS exposure was observed among pregnant women and infants. There was no association between ETS exposure during pregnancy and birth weight. In this thesis, we found serious ETS exposure in schoolchildren aged 11 to 12 years, pregnant women and infants from birth to one year old. The school- or camp-based intervention program could increase ETS knowledge of schoolchildren and asthmatic children but couldn’t improve their attitude and practice against ETS exposure. There was no association between maternal ETS exposure and birth weight. However, because we used qualitative analysis for maternal ETS exposure, quantitative analysis of ETS exposure is recommended in future studies of the relation between maternal ETS exposure and birth weight. This thesis’s findings are useful for future studies of ETS exposure and intervention in children and infants.

並列關鍵字

Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) ； schoolchildren ； asthma ； infant ； intervention ； birth weight

參考文獻

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