跨功能性與組織特性之策略聯盟組合對公司績效之影響

Firm's performance implications of alliance portfolio cross Function and Attribute domains

鄭智元(Chih-Yuan Cheng)

指導教授 ： 陳忠仁

共同指導教授 ： 郭瑞祥

國立臺灣大學/管理學院/商學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.02108

摘要

探索(Exploration)和利用(Exploitation)的組織學習行為在過去文獻中廣泛被討論，也被運用在策略聯盟上，學者定義出三種不同的探索和利用策略聯盟，分別是功能性(Function)，結構性(Structure)、組織特性(Attribute)。除了在各領域上追求探索或利用外，也有學者探討跨領域建立策略聯盟組合，但卻少有文獻探討跨領域的策略聯盟組合對公司績效帶來的影響，因此，本研究試圖彌補過去文獻的不足，並以功能性與組織特性作為分析主體，建立跨功能性與組織特性之策略聯盟組合，探討其對公司績效之影響。本研究由SDC和Compustst等資料庫擷取橫跨1998至2007年的策略聯盟事件以及2009年公司相關財務資料，分析373間生技製藥相關產業的公司採取上述策略聯盟組合之公司績效，並探討吸收能力(Absorptive capacity)與主控股權 (Majority control)的為主效果帶來的調和影響。
研究結果顯示大致支持本研究推論的假說。當公司的策略聯盟組合在功能性與組織特性都採取探索會因知識吸收困難與績效不確定而對公司績效有負向影響效果，而公司的策略聯盟組合在功能性採取探索，組織特性採取利用對公司績效有負向影響效果，原因來自於組織特性相近而利於知識吸收造成聯盟夥伴間有機會行為(opportunistic behavior)而提高交易成本。另外，由調和效果的驗證顯示，公司的策略聯盟組合在功能性與組織特性都採取探索，可以透過增加吸收能力和減少主控股權減少知識吸收的困難與規避不確定的績效風險，而對公司績效有正向調和效果。而當公司策略聯盟組合在功能性採取探索而組織特性採取利用，可透過減少吸收能力和增加主控股權以減少聯盟夥伴間的機會行為，進而減少交易成本，有提升公司績效的正向調和效果。

關鍵字

功能性策略聯盟 ； 組織特性策略聯盟 ； 吸收能力 ； 主控股權 ； 探索和利用

並列摘要

Exploration-exploitation framework is an important issue and widely discussed in literatures. Also, some scholars apply it in alliance formation and develop three domains, that is, function, structure, and attribute domains. In addition, researches also extend the discussion to the alliance across domains. This research tries to fill the gap of lack of empirical evidence in firm’s performance implication of alliance portfolio across function and attribute domains based on resource-based view, transaction cost theory and knowledge transfer. Data used in the research covered 373 sample firms in the biotech and pharmaceutical industry from 1998 to 2007 from SDC, Compustat, and the independent variable in 2009 from Compustat. Through empirical analysis, the relationship between alliance portfolio of function exploration and attribute domain, firm performance and the moderating role of absorptive capacity and majority control are examined.
Statistical results significantly support our hypothesis that negative effect of alliance portfolio of function exploration and attribute exploration on firm’s performance. A firm tends to form strategic alliance portfolio with partners in different industries and does the upstream activities such as R&D may suffer from the bad knowledge transfer due to tacit knowledge and high coordination cost, and the uncertainty and risk of research return, thus may lead to worse firm performance. Firms form alliance portfolio of function exploration and attribute exploitation, that is, a firm tends to form strategic alliance portfolio with partners in the same industry and does upstream activities such as R&D may lead to worse firm performance due to the bad knowledge transfer of tacit knowledge and the opportunistic behavior between partners. Besides, firms can solve the negative firm performance implication of alliance portfolio of function exploration and attribute exploration by increasing absorptive capacity to assimilate and integrate tacit knowledge thus facilitate knowledge transfer and decreasing majority control to avoid the risk of over-investment in the uncertain research performance and return. Also, Firms can solve the negative firm performance implication of alliance portfolio of function exploration and attribute exploitation by decreasing absorptive capacity and increasing majority control to reduce the possible opportunistic behaviors in alliance and prevent the unintended knowledge leakage.

並列關鍵字

Function alliance domain ； Attribute alliance domain ； Absorptive capacity ； Majority control ； Exploration and Exploitation

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