屠宰場污泥餅轉酯化及其副產物粗甘油進行厭氧共消化產製生質能源之研究

Research of bioenergy production by transesterification of slaughterhouse sludge cake and anaerobic co-digestion of its processing by-product crude glycerol

周佑峻(Yu-Chun Chou)

指導教授 ： 蘇忠楨

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/動物科學技術學研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201701654

摘要

現今的人類活動促使大量對石化燃料的需求及廢水需要處理。污泥為廢水處理過程中會產生的廢棄物，其處理成本約佔總廢水處理成本的50~60%。本研究的目的為評估以屠宰場污泥餅轉酯化產製生質柴油及利用其副產物粗甘油進行厭氧共消化生產沼氣之可行性。在轉酯化試驗中，屠宰場污泥餅在55℃下與甲醇及濃硫酸或鹽酸進行轉酯化，試驗分為三種催化劑濃度 (2、4及8%) 與四個反應時間 (4、8、16及24小時)。在4%濃硫酸及鹽酸下反應24小時分別可得到最高2.78±0.19及2.67±0.08%的FAME產率。此外，以污泥餅產製的FAME主要皆由C16:0、C16:1、C18:0及C18:1之脂肪酸甲酯組成。在粗甘油厭氧共消化試驗中，利用以濃硫酸催化所得的粗甘油以三種不同添加量 (2、4及8%) 與養牛廢水進行共消化試驗，試驗在35℃下反應14天。雖然8%組有最高的甲烷產氣量，其過多的揮發性脂肪酸造成pH值過低進而使其化學需氧量、生化需氧量及懸浮固形物的去除率皆下降。添加2與4%粗甘油組相較於控制組分別提高了177與226%的甲烷產氣量，且無減低化學需氧量、生化需氧量及懸浮固形物的去除率。然而，研究結果顯示不論額外添加多少濃度的粗甘油，皆會降低槽體總固形物及揮發性固形物的去除率。總結而言，透過本研究所建立的轉酯化及厭氧共消化反應的整合平台，屠宰場污泥餅可以作為生產生質能源的原料。

關鍵字

污泥 ； 轉酯化 ； 生質柴油 ； 脂肪酸甲酯 ； 粗甘油 ； 厭氧共消化 ； 沼氣

並列摘要

The human activities nowadays had given rise to a huge demand on petroleum-based fuels and also contributed to numerous wastewaters to process. Sludge is a waste formed during wastewater treatment process and its treating cost 50−60% of total wastewater treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of producing biodiesel and biogas by transesterification of slaughterhouse sludge cake and anaerobic co-digestion of its processing by-product, crude glycerol, respectively. For biodiesel producing experiments, sludge cake was transesterified with methanol and sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid at 55℃. Three catalyst concentrations (2, 4, and 8%, v/v) under four reaction periods (4, 8, 16, and 24 hrs) were applied. The highest FAME yield of 2.78±0.19 and 2.67±0.08% can be achieved when 4% (v/v) of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid added for 24-h reaction, respectively. Methyl esters of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), and oleic acid (C18:1) were found to be the major components of biodiesel in this study. To clarify the effects of crude glycerol addition on biogas production and wastewater treatment, different ratios (2, 4, and 8%, v/v) of crude glycerol from the previous experiment were mixed with dairy wastewater and inoculated with anaerobic dairy sludge. The mixture was then incubated at 35℃ for 14 days. Although 8% group showed the highest total methane production, low pH resulted from volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation decreased the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and suspended solids (SS). Addition of 2 and 4% of crude glycerol increased total methane production up to 177 and 226% compared to the control group, respectively. Moreover, both of them didn’t show negative effects on COD, BOD, and SS removal efficiency. Additionally, addition of crude glycerol decreased removal efficiency of total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) regardless of the volume added. In conclusion, slaughterhouse sludge cake has been proven to be a feedstock for producing bioenergy through transesterification and anaerobic co-digestion technical platform.

並列關鍵字

Sludge ； Transesterification ； Biodiesel ； FAME ； Crude glycerol ； Anaerobic co-digestion ； Biogas

參考文獻

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