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  • 學位論文

以服務及管理為導向的21世紀華人醫院建築設計創新模式 -臺灣某新建癌醫中心醫院的設計思維

Service and management oriented innovative design thinking for 21th century Chinese hospital - the codesign model of a new cancer hospital in Taiwan

指導教授 : 湯明哲

摘要


自1982年起至今,癌症一直蟬聯國人十大死因之首,21世紀新的癌症專科醫院,都朝向以落實癌症整合治療與國際研究交流的平台來發展。本新建癌醫中心醫院預計有五百床規模,以發展為世界一流、華人第一的癌症醫院為目標。而醫院建築設計的發展從1990年代以病人為中心的設計,重視視覺藝術,到2000年代公共建設和私人投資共同合作的模式,醫院建築的每一個面向已開始導入新的概念,未來醫院建築設計更重視前期設計階段的團隊合作及專業整合,如病房的設計和護理站的配置等,都以病人安全,增加隱私、減少交互感染及療癒環境為主要的考量,同時實証設計也已導入醫院建築的策略地圖,以2020為里程碑,其中涵蓋了美國國際醫院評鑑(Joint Commission International Accreditation) 對醫院服務及管理的規範。 傳統的醫院設計過程,設計者與使用者往往缺乏有效溝通的工具,導致設計者無法充分將使用者的需求反映在整體設計上。本研究以「原型為工具、DREAMS為模式」的劇情導引式快速設計,落實醫院的創新設計,提出四大構面以「醫療空間與非醫療空間」對應「臨床服務與非臨床服務」的矩陣架構,從使用者的需求探討、科技的可行性分析、管理的權責劃分、經濟與成本考量等各項觀點,從服務及管理角度發散思考並做系統性的收斂,提供符合華人就醫文化的醫院設計。我們並成立了MIT(Mockup and Innovative Technology)研究室來進行個案研究,如針對「醫療空間的臨床服務」是以符合華人就醫療文化的病房、門診、加護病房、開刀房的模組化及組合型的標準化設計單元為例;「醫療空間的非臨床服務」是以病房的「病人安全系統」為例; 「非醫療空間的臨床服務」是以緊急災難醫療應變處置為例;「非醫療空間的非臨床服務」是以病人導引系統為例,在大廳內裝置診間/檢查間狀態資訊看板,資訊互動站台與使用智慧手機建立醫院與病人之間的連結關係,將空間均衡的充分利用(space load-balance)。我們也在工地現址,搭建了1:1的大廳臨場原型模擬空間,再以「劇情式」的情境導引,共同激發出「人性化」創新設計。另外我們也結合工業工程、資訊科技、人體功學,進行功能與流程再造。 再好的創新設計,如果不從設計之始便考慮可持續發展性,則一旦進入營運階段即可能陷入無以為繼的困境,我們認為醫院設計是有療癒效用的,本新建癌醫中心醫院個案在設計過程,不但參考了實証設計的文獻建議,更以服務及管理為導向的創新設計思維,讓設計者退出主導,由使用者積極參與設計並產出創新的選擇,並且聚焦於醫院由興建到營運階段的可持續發展性(sustainability),著重在人的需求(desirability)、科技的可行性(feasibility)及經濟的獨立存活力(viability) 三項要素的平衡,期待能建立一個符合華人就醫文化的21世紀醫院建築設計的創新模式,與全球接軌並且分享交流,造福病人。

並列摘要


Cancer has been the leading cause of death in Taiwan since 1982. A comprehensive cancer hospital with 500 beds aimed at patient-centered care is now under construction at National Taiwan University. We set up the MIT (Mockup and Innovative Technology) Lab to make a difference in designing hospital for this project to facilitate the communication between users and designers. We prepare the tool of mini-mockup and 1:1 mockup and the model of DREAMS (Demand, Rationale, Evidence, Accreditation, Mockup, Scenario) for different issues which all follow the guideline of evidence-based design and the JCI (Joint Commission International ) Accreditation. We also incorporate the demands from users to scenarios in order to integrate the design rationales. For many decades, there has been concern over costs and efficient resources utilization in hospital building. Furthermore, rising cost (10 to 15% of the gross national product) in healthcare has been a matter of public health. A design without sustainability is a fatal product. More evidences have shown that a design with balance among desirability, feasibility and viability will prove to be sustainable. As we know that every demand should be considered at the beginning of pre-design phase (master plan). In this project, we propose the four dimensions of serviced and management-oriented design. We match the medical and non-medical space with clinical and non-clinical service into bundles of design issues. The future scope of digital and green design are the fundamental point of design. Finally, well-structured model and tool of design thinking and collaboration between physicians, nurses, admintrators, and all other professionals working in the hospital may not only contribute to facilitate the climate of the design team, but may also be related to better quality of care and patient outcome.

參考文獻


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