電動車液壓減振器能源擷取系統之研究

車輛的懸吊系統應用在減少車輛於通過不平整路面的車體振動，而懸吊系統中主要以液壓減振器內部的阻尼孔來提供阻尼，使車輛在振動時藉由阻尼的抵抗來減少振動。然而此應用將使車輛行駛中所產生的振動能量直接散失。而近年來由於能源日漸消耗，油電混合動力車以及電動車等等較傳統汽油車不消耗石油能源的車輛日益增多，所以在能源的使用上則更需要注重效率，若能在車輛行進中將各種原本被浪費的能源加以回收，油電混合車以及電動車的續航力將可以大幅提升。本論文旨在發展電動車再生能源系統，在減振控制方面，運用流量控制閥來取代傳統車輛的固定節流孔，使節流阻尼變為可調式，發展半主動式減振控制，改善舒適性。在能源擷取方面，在液壓油路中加裝液壓馬達及DC發電機，使減振器在振動時液壓油可以驅動液壓馬達，使液壓馬達推動DC發電機來發電，如此車輛減振能源便可加以回收，並回充至電動車低壓電池，提升電動車能源效率。本論文的兩大主軸即是能源擷取系統以及半主動式減振控制系統。本文首先設計電動車液壓減振器能源擷取系統，依系統建立其動態數學模式，以Matlab/Simulink建立動態模擬程式，進行系統動態分析，加入模糊滑動控制器，進行閉迴路半主動減振控制。並進行液壓減振器能源擷取系統發電模擬分析，最後依據模擬分析設計建立電動車液壓減振器能源擷取實驗系統，作為後續實驗研究之基礎。

關鍵字

電動車、液壓減振器；能源擷取；半主動減振控制；動態模擬

並列摘要

Suspension systems are used to diminish the vibration of vehicles. The damping in suspension systems is mainly provided by the orifices of the hydraulic dampers so that the vibration energy can be reduced by the orifice and transferred into heat. Recently, the hybrid drive vehicles and electric vehicles, which do not use gasoline, are more and more popular because of the energy consumption problem. Therefore, the higher and higher energy efficiency is in demand. If the wasted energy during the drive of vehicles can be recycled, the endurance of power can be highly enhanced. The main purpose of this thesis is to develop a renewable energy system in electric vehicles by means of the hydraulic dampers, which combines a novel energy harvesting system and a semi-active vibration control. Instead of the constant orifice in the conventional hydraulic damper, a proportional valve is used in the hydraulic dampers to regulate the orifice for changing the damping force. Thus, the semi-active control can be developed. Meanwhile, the novel energy harvesting system mainly consists of a hydraulic motor and a DC generator. When the suspension system works under vibration, the oil of the hydraulic damper can drive the hydraulic motor, and the motor can then drive the generator. Therefore, the vibration energy can be recycled to the low voltage battery to enhance the energy efficiency. This thesis first designs the energy harvesting system by using hydraulic suspension system in electric vehicles. Mathematical models are derived in accordance with the system design. Then Matlab/Simulink is used to develop the dynamic simulation. For semi-active vibration control, fuzzy sliding mode control is used to develop the controller. A test rig is also set up to confirmed the proposed concept. Through simulation of open-loop and closed-loop control, the energy harvesting system and semi-active control in the proposed system can be confirmed.

並列關鍵字

electric vehicle ； hydraulic damper ； energy harvesting ； semi-active control ； dynamical simulation

參考文獻

[17] 莊文揚, "能量回收型半主動式避震系統之研究," 碩士論文,國立屏東科技大學車輛工程系, 2009.

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[2] L. Segel and H.Lang, The Mechanics of Automobile Hydraulic Damper at High Stroking Frequencies vol. Vol.10, 1981.

[3] M. Satoh, N. Fukushima, Y. Akatsu, I. Fujimura, and K. Fukuyama, "An active suspension employing an electrohydraulic pressure control system," 1990, pp. 2226-2231 vol. 4.

[4] K. Kitching, D. Cole, and D. Cebon, "Performance of a semi-active damper for heavy vehicles," Journal of dynamic systems, measurement, and control, vol. 122, p. 498, 2000.

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電動車液壓減振器能源擷取系統之研究

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