臺灣藜中植化成分及指紋圖譜分析

Analysis of Phytochemicals and Fingerprint in Chenopodium formosanum (Djulis)

謝貴如(Gui-Ru Xie)

指導教授 ： 陳宏彰

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/食品科技研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201703864

摘要

臺灣藜(Chenopodium formosanum, Djulis)為臺灣特有種植物，與原生於南美洲之藜麥及莧菜籽同屬莧科植物；由於其高營養價值，近年來受世人矚目，但目前對於臺灣藜的研究仍十分少，因此本研究目的為建立特定成分和非特定目標物分析平台探討臺灣藜的化學組成。特定成分分析中將探討臺灣藜中的甜菜色素及酚
類化合物，首先，利用UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn 與UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS 兩種方法進行定性分析鑑別出8 種甜菜色素，並以HPLC-DAD 進行半定量分析。此外，利用UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS 建立酚類化合物之分析平台，目前鑑別出69 種化合物，其中13 種為酚酸類及酚酸配醣體，6 種酚酸-胺類複合物，50 種類黃酮及類黃酮配醣體，並以此平台對臺灣藜及國外種藜麥進行半定量分析，探討不同樣品中自由態、共軛態及結合態酚類之組成差異。最後，非特定成分分析中，利用UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS 同時於正負電模式下建立指紋圖譜，搭配主成分分析，結果顯示第一主成分可將莧菜籽與其他兩者區別，第二主成分可將臺灣藜及藜麥區別，後續根據因素負荷量找出不同樣品各別之特徵性化合物，經精確分子量及二次質譜圖鑑定出臺灣藜中特徵化合物為rutin，藜麥中特徵化合物為mauritianin 及quercetin pentose glucuronide。本研究期望藉由建立特定成分和非特定成分分析平台，凸顯本土臺灣藜與國外種藜麥及莧菜籽之組成差異。

關鍵字

臺灣藜 ； 甜菜色素 ； 酚類化合物 ； 指紋圖譜

並列摘要

Chenopodium formosanum (djulis) is an endemic plant in Taiwan. Djulis belongs to the Amaranthaceae family. Quinoa and amaranth, native in South America, also belong to the Amaranthaceae family. Because of its high nutritional values, djulis is gradually gaining popularity in recent years. However, the research in djulis is very limited. Therefore, the aim of this study is to establish target and non-target component analysis to explore the chemical composition in djulis. In target component analysis, the study was focused on betalains and phenolics in djulis. First, eight betalains were identified by UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn and UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. The level of content of betalains was detected by HPLC-DAD with semi-quantitative analysis. Currently, Sixty-nine phenolic compounds were identified by UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS, of which were thirteen phenolic acids and phenolic acid glycosides, six phenolic acid-amine complexes, fifty flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides. The level of content of phenolics was analyzed to investigate the differences between different samples with free, conjugated and bound form. In non-target component analysis, fingerprints were established by UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS in both positive and negative modes. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate whether the platform could distinguish between these three plants. The results showed that the first principal component could distinguish amaranth from the other two plants, and the second principal component could distinguish djulis and quinoa. Next, the characteristic components in each sample could be found in accordance with loadings and identified by the accuracy mass and MS2 spectrum. The characteristic compounds in djulis is rutin, and the characteristic compounds in quinoa are mauritianin and quercetin pentose glucuronide This research is expected to emphasize the difference of components between native djulis and foreign similar species (quinoa and amaranth) by target and non-target components analysis.

並列關鍵字

Chenopodium formosanum (djulis) ； betalains ； phenolics ； fingerprint

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