- 學位論文
為和平而奮鬪：沖繩反軍事基地社會運動及其國族意涵
Resistance for Peace: Anti-Military Base Social Movements in Okinawa and Their Implications for Japanese Nationalism
摘要
日本帝國與國族的形成，是將沖繩等邊境地區以「日本的過去」之姿整合入日本，藉此消弭差異，日本於焉「成為」單一民族國家。在畫出國界的過程中，產生了如同沖繩人的境遇一樣「不是日本人的日本人」。沖繩作為日本47都道府縣的其中一縣，所遭受的不平等對待，體現於自第二次世界大戰後坐落於沖繩的美軍基地。沖繩的別名「基地之島」，突顯了沖繩作為「國內殖民地」的處境，及以和平憲法和日美同盟構築出的日美兩國關係。而近年來最為顯著的例子，即普天間基地是否要搬遷至邊野古的持續爭論。 應運上述而生的沖繩反軍事基地社會運動，便成為討論東亞區域政治、經濟、社會、歷史與文化的重要切入點。筆者主要於沖繩縣名護市邊野古帳篷村的社會運動進行田野，再加上高江地區和反戰地主的例子，論述沖繩的第三波社會運動，以體認自沖繩歷史經驗與戰爭記憶而生的和平、反戰、非暴力之訴求與手段，與日本本島、全球各地社會運動得以交流與連結，使社會運動在日本政府的壓力與國族主義的束縛之下能夠保持活力，並在過程中摸索沖繩人主體性、創造超越國家層級之束縛的可能性。
並列摘要
The Japanese empire and nation was formed by incorporating Okinawa and other frontier places as “the past of Japan”. This action eliminated differences and diversities, and Japan “became” a nation-state finally. The process of drawing borderlines produces “The Japanese who are not Japanese”, whose condition are the same as the Okinawans. Okinawa, as one of prefectures in Japan, is treated unfairly. After WWII, this unfair treatment is embodied in the continuous location of U.S. military bases in Okinawa. The existence of bases highlights the relationship between both Okinawa and Japan, and Japan and the U.S. Recently, the most obvious example is the debate about moving the Futenma base to Henoko, Nago City. Therefore, social movements protesting against military bases in Okinawa are an entry point for understanding regional politics, economics, societies, histories and cultures in East Asia. I primarily participated in the social movement at Tent-Village in Henoko for my fieldwork, and also gathered information about protests at Takae and from anti-war landlord. I found that the third wave of Okinawa social movements, through its historical experience and war memory, was informed by the non-violence of social movements in Okinawa today. Through peaceful, anti-war, non-violent means and goals, Okinawans interact with and connect to Japanese mainlanders and other social movements in the world. And this makes social movements in Okinawa remain vigorous despite the pressure from the Japanese government and Japanese nationalism. Furthermore, this process also creates Okinawans’ subjectivity and the possibility of surpassing the constraint of the state.