台灣初級淡水魚分布與棲地環境因子之關聯性

The relationship between the distribution of primary freshwater fishes and environmental factors in Taiwan

莊聖儀(Sheng-Yi Chuang)

指導教授 ： 李培芬

共同指導教授 ： 曾萬年

國立臺灣大學/生命科學院/漁業科學研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.01088

摘要

初級淡水魚的保育關係著物種多樣性的延續，在國內以往經常被忽略，但近年來環保意識抬頭，法令規範漸趨嚴謹，如何保育河川中的初級淡水魚，業已成為一門重要的學術課題。

本研究之目的為探討台灣初級淡水魚分布與棲地環境因子之關聯性，並找出台灣初級淡水魚分布之熱點。利用統合性的生物空間分布資料與生態因子資料庫，不僅可以提供生態工程之基礎生物資訊，也可以作為與保育政策擬定之參考。

利用地理資訊系統 (Geographic Information System, GIS)，彙整臺灣現有的初級淡水魚物種分布資料庫，收集空間分布資訊，建立空間分布資料庫。並從文獻上選取環境因子，輸入解析度為 1×1 公里的網格後，分析物種分布與環境因子的關係。

研究的結果以 GIS 為平台展現所選取各魚種在台灣的分布網格圖層，發現魚種的分布有由北向南、東擴展的趨勢，進一步做分析時發現，現今初級淡水魚分布熱點與特有種分布熱點皆以台灣的中部與中南部河川中上游為主。就棲地水文因子而言，本研究所選取的魚種多分布於範圍裡水溫低、溶氧量高、導電度低、酸鹼值適中的河段，與熱點分布在河川中上游的環境相符。各魚種對其棲地陸域環境因子則有不同的偏好程度，而所選取的每一種陸域環境因子都至少對某一魚種之分布有顯著影響，顯示淡水魚分布研究除了需考慮水域環境因子的影響外，陸域因子亦是不可缺少的評估重點。

未來在更多的野外調查資料輸入資料庫後，希冀能夠提供更客觀公正之表格，作為生態工程上重要的生物基礎資訊。

關鍵字

分布 ； 初級淡水魚 ； 地理資訊系統 ； 環境因子 ； 生態工程 ； 熱點

並列摘要

The conservation of primary freshwater fish is strongly related to the continuation of species diversity. Such an issue has often been overlooked in Taiwan over the years. However, with the awakening of environmental proteciton consciousness amd the developing of related laws, the way on how to conserve the primary freshwater fish had become an important academic topic.

The purposes of this study are to discuss the relationship between the distribution of primary freshwater fish in Taiwan and its environmental factors. And then found the hotspots of them. The study also used integrated species distribution database and ecological factor database to serve as basic informatics for decision-making in ecological engineering, and for support of conservation policy decision support among government sectors.

Geographic Information System (GIS) is used in this study to integrate all possible biological distribution databases of primary freshwater fish in Taiwan and to establish its spatial databases. The environmental factors, chosen from the literature to a grid system (1×1 km), are subsequently inputted to analyze the relationship between species and its environmental factors.

The results of this study used a GIS to serve as fish species distribution layers in Taiwan, and found the distribution of primary freshwater fish tends to from north to south or east. With further analysis, the species hotspots and the endemic hotspots were both found to locate in the midstream or headstream of the middle and mid-southern parts of Taiwan. In terms of hydrologic factors, the selected fish species in this study match the distribution of hotspots in upper, middle river in aspects like low water temperature, conductivity, high dissolved oxygen, and apposite pH.. Nevertheless, these fish species react differently to terrestrial factors. Moreover, every selected terrestrial factor has an influence on at least one fish species. This shows that terrestrial factors are indispensable assessment keys besides hydrologic factors.

I hope I could provide a more objective table for decision-making in ecological engineering after more information is added into the database.

並列關鍵字

distribution ； primary freshwater fish ； GIS ； environmental factors ； decision-making in ecological engineering ； hotspots

參考文獻

行政院農業委員會漁業署. 1997 – 2005. 中華民國台灣地區漁業年

區生態與環境因子地理資訊資料庫. 行政院農業委員會, 台北

台灣地區野生動物分布資料庫之建立. 行政院農業委員會, 台北市.

摘要集.行政院農業委員會, 台北市, 第13-15頁.

立中興大學環境工程學系, 台中市.