生質廢棄物電漿熱裂解之研究

A Study on the Pyrolysis of Biomass Wastes via Plasma Torch

楊宇傑(Yu-Chieh Yang)

指導教授 ： 張慶源

國立臺灣大學/工學院/環境工程學研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.01148

摘要

本研究以電漿火炬 (plasma torch) 作為主要供應熱源進行生質廢棄物的處理，以葵花籽渣 (sunflower-oil cake) 為目標。探討不同的操作參數對葵花籽渣進行熱裂解時其處理效能的影響，例如：操作功率、氣體進流量、反應溫度、及樣品投料量。最終期望獲得高產率的合成氣 (syngas) 而使其能應用在現階段的再生能源之中，以達到生質廢棄物的再循環利用。
由實驗的結果得知，合成氣的產氣中 (不計入氮氣) 以973 K時所產生之CO所占百分率最高，為93.17 wt.% (51.17 vol.%)；其相對應之H2為6.33 wt.% (48.65 vol.%)。H2則以1173 K時最大，為8.21 wt.% (56.13 vol.%)；其相對應之CO為81.51 wt.% (39.82 vol.%)。汙染物CO2在1073 K時會達到最高值，為4.51 wt.% (1.65 vol.%)。另外，合成氣與汙染物的產率在各目標溫度下以973 K時的合成氣產率最大 (其質量產率為50.30%；CO為47.11%，H2為3.19%)，且污染物產率最小 (質量產率約為0.3%)。之後合成氣與汙染物之產率會隨著溫度的提升而愈趨減少，但污染物則會在1073 K時達到最大而後才隨之減少。
與文獻比較時可發現，以電漿火炬熱裂解葵花籽渣時，其合成氣於973 K所占的百分率 (約為99.82 vol.%) 會較其它傳統反應裝置處理生質物時 (其合成氣所占百分率約為97.34 vol.%，其中CO為46.64 vol.%，H2為50.70 vol.%) 要來的好。若皆以電漿火炬技術處理不同生質廢棄物時，得知本研究對葵花籽渣進行熱裂解反應時所得合成氣所占的比率與其它應用電漿熱裂解處理技術所得結果相近，皆在自身總氣體產物 (不計入氮氣) 的90 vol.%以上，顯示此電漿火炬的效果良好。

關鍵字

電漿火炬 ； 葵花籽渣 ； 合成氣

並列摘要

This study examined the feasibility and operation performance of plasma torch pyrolysis of biomass wastes, taking sunflower-oil cake as the target material. It was the biomass waste from the production process of bio-diesel using sunflower seed. In the study, a plasma torch reactor was used for the pyrolysis of the sunflower-oil cake at different operating variables, such as temperature, input power, carrier gas, input mass and reaction time. For the production of syngas, the maximum accumulated mass fractions (or volume fractions) excluding nitrogen and the corresponding occurring temperatures are 93.17 wt.% (51.17 vol.%) of CO at 973 K and 8.21 wt.% (56.13 vol.%) of H2 at 1173 K, respectively. At 973 K, the corresponding composition of H2 is 48.65 vol.%, while at 1173 K, the corresponding composition of CO is 39.82 vol.%. The yield of H2 per mass of input sunflower-oli cake (YH2) increases with the increase of temperature. The values of YH2 at 873, 973, 1073 and 1173 K are 2.23, 3.19, 1.94 and 2.47%, respectivity. Further, the related literatures were surveyed and reviewed. In summary, this study aimed at the need to obtain useful information for converting the sunflower-oil cake to fuels or chemicals via the proposed plasma torch pyrolysis technique which can provide appropriate utilization of bio-energy sources such as biomass wastes approaching to meet the appeal of full recycling of biomass wastes and zero biomass wastes.

並列關鍵字

Plasma torch ； sunflower-oil cake ； syngas

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