高速公路鳥類道路致死效應減輕措施評估 -以路旁植被及隔音牆為例

Evaluation of Mitigation Measures for Highway Bird Road-kill

許永暉(Yung-Hui Hsu)

指導教授 ： 李玲玲

國立臺灣大學/生命科學院/生態學與演化生物學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.02146

摘要

國道三號高速公路所造成的動物車禍傷亡以鳥類為主，道路高架雖能有效減輕地面活動動物的傷亡，但具飛行能力的動物如鳥類仍有機會被撞擊。隔音牆與路旁植被是最常被提及作為降低鳥類道路致死效應的減輕方案，也是道路權責單位最易於設置與管理的因子，但實證性的研究相當缺乏且實際成效亦有爭議。因此本研究分別在國道三號的平面以及高架路段檢視既有隔音牆(均為3 m高，分為單邊及雙邊兩類)以及不同高度的植被對於鳥類飛越道路行為的影響。研究於2008年4-6月(春季)與9-10月(秋季)在已知道路致死效應較高的路段進行取樣。樣線內優勢鳥種主要為鳩鴿科(Columbidae)、麻雀(Passer montanus)、白頭翁(Pycnonotus sinensis)及燕科(Hirundinidae)或雨燕科(Apodidae)。結果顯示: 不論平面或高架的雙邊隔音牆對於維持鳥類飛越高度在3 m以上都有良好成效，但不足以使鳥類飛行高度維持至4.5 m的大貨車高度以上，而完全避免被車輛撞擊的風險。單邊隔音牆對維持鳥類飛行高度的成效不佳，並與無隔音牆沒有顯著差異。平面道路旁的高密植被亦可以維持鳥類的飛越高度在3 m以上，但不足以使鳥類飛行高度維持至4.5 m以上。而高架道路旁的棕櫚科樹冠層高於橋面時，則可以將鳥類飛越高度引導至3 m，甚至是4.5 m之上。然而，隔音牆的存在有可能吸引特定鳥類如麻雀、椋鳥科停棲，而導致較多的間接飛越事件，使鳥類低空飛越路面而與車輛碰撞的機會增加。

關鍵字

鳥類 ； 行為 ； 道路致死效應 ； 隔音牆 ； 植被 ； 高架橋

並列摘要

Birds are major road-kill victims on National Freeway No. 3 in Taiwan. Although acoustic barrier and roadside hedgerows are often suggested to be the mitigation measures for bird road-kill, only a few studies have been conducted to evaluate their effectiveness and the results were often contradictory. This study examined the effects of acoustic barrier (3m high) and roadside hedgerows of different height on the behavior of birds when flying across embankment roads or viaducts respectively on National Freeway No. 3. Between April-June and September-November 2008, bird behavior was recorded along road sections of known road-kill hotspots. The major bird victims are Columbidae, Passer montanus, Pycnotus sinensis, and Hirundinidae/Apodidae.
Proportion of birds flying below 3m (height of acoustic barrier) were not significantly different between road sections with one-side or without acoustic barrier on either viaducts or embankment roads, but the proportion was significantly lower along road sections with acoustic barriers on both sides, which means that acoustic barrier on both sides could effectively facilitate birds to maintain their flying height when flying across the road, but not the one-side acoustic barriers. Proportion of birds flying below 3 m were significantly lower along road sections with high hedgerows than that of mid and low hedgerows, and the proportion along road sections of mid hedgerows are also significantly lower than that of low hedgerows on embankment roads. Proportion of birds flying below 3 m and 4.5 m were significantly lower along road sections with canopy height of road-side vegetation above viaducts. Although more birds maintained their flying height flying above 3 m when crossing over road sections with acoustic barriers on both sides or high hedgerows, such height is not enough for birds to avoid collision with trucks which are up to 4.5m in total height. Furthermore, birds may be attracted by acoustic barrier and road-side vegetation to perch and utilize, causing more chances of indirect pass and collision with cars.

並列關鍵字

acoustic barrier ； behavior ； birds ； hedgerows ； road-kill ； viaducts

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